High Burden of HBV-Infection and Atypical HBV Strains among HIV-infected Cameroonians

Salpini, Romina; Fokam, Joseph; Ceccarelli, Laura; Santoro, Maria Mercedes; Nanfack, Aubin; Sosso, Samuel Martin; Kowo, Mathurin; Cento, Valeria; Torimiro, Judith; Sarmati, Loredana; Andreoni, Massimo; Colizzi, Vittorio; Perno, Carlo Federico; Njoya, Oudou

doi:10.2174/1570162x13666150930114742

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our findings are in agreement with previous studies in Cameroon that have documented the circulation of these two genotypes [12, 27]. Drug resistant patterns indicate that three of the strains had mutations associated with resistance to lamivudine, telbivudine and entecavir.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, the observed prevalence is slightly lower than the 6.9 and 9.8% reported in Yaoundé, Cameroon and Khartoum, Sudan respectively [12, 19]. It should be noted however that the prevalence of OBI is dependent on the sensitivity of the DNA assay used, demography and the population studied [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The prevalence of OBI however, has been shown to vary in different demographic settings. A recent study in Cameroon reporting on OBI focused on patients from a health centre in the capital Yaoundé [12]. It would be expected therefore that the two regions of Cameroon from where the patients in the current study were derived would provide added information on OBI in this country where both HBV and HIV are endemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV positive patients in Cameroon

et al. 2017

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PurposeOccult hepatitis B infection (OBI) among HIV positive patients varies widely in different geographic regions. We undertook a study to determine the prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection among HIV infected individuals visiting a health facility in South West Cameroon and characterized occult HBV strains based on sequence analyses.MethodsPlasma samples (n = 337), which previously tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), were screened for antibodies against hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) and surface (anti-HBs) antigens followed by DNA extraction. A 366 bp region covering the overlapping surface/polymerase gene of HBV was then amplified in a nested PCR and the amplicons sequenced using Sanger sequencing. The resulting sequences were then analyzed for genotypes and for escape and drug resistance mutations.ResultsTwenty samples were HBV DNA positive and were classified as OBI giving a prevalence of 5.9%. Out of these, 9 (45%) were anti-HBs positive, while 10 (52.6%) were anti-HBc positive. Additionally, 2 had dual anti-HBs and anti-HBc reactivity, while 6 had no detectable HBV antibodies. Out of the ten samples that were successfully sequenced, nine were classified as genotype E and one as genotype A. Three sequences possessed mutations associated with lamivudine resistance. We detected a number of mutations within the major hydrophilic region of the surface gene where most immune escape mutations occur.ConclusionsFindings from this study show the presence of hepatitis B in patients without any of the HBV serological markers. Further prospective studies are required to determine the risk factors and markers of OBI.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12981-017-0136-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV positive patients in Cameroon

et al. 2017

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“…[30][31][32] In addition, the prevalence of OBI among HIV patients reported by Mudawi et al in 2013 exceeds the prevalence estimates of OBI/HIV coinfection reported in Cameroon (5.9 and 6.9%) and Japan (6.1%). [33][34][35] Similarly, renal transplant recipients in Sudan were found to demonstrate a higher prevalence of OBI than in other countries such as Korea (2.3%) and Brazil (1%). 36,37 Meta-analysis also revealed a significant heterogeneity between the included studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Occult hepatitis B virus infection in Sudan: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

et al. 2020

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In its occult form, hepatitis B virus infection can only be detected using molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, increasing the cost of the screening process. Certain population subgroups are considered to have a higher risk of transmission and reactivation of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI). This review aims to estimate the prevalence of OBI among these high-risk groups in Sudan. It was conducted under the PRISMA guidelines, targeting the literature available in MEDLINE/ PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. Full-text articles published in the last 10 years that provide prevalence estimates of OBI in Sudan were examined for fulfillment of eligibility criteria. Quality assessment of selected articles was performed using the critical appraisal tool reported by Munn et al. Publication bias was assessed by visual examination of the funnel plot. Metaanalysis using the random-effects model with 95% confidence interval was used to calculate the overall and subgroup pooled prevalence of OBI. Literature search yielded a total of 717 studies, of which only 11 articles fulfilled all selection criteria. The overall pooled prevalence of OBI was found to be 15.51%, with a high level of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a prevalence of 16.48% among blood donors, 13.36% among hemodialysis patients, and 12.59% among febrile patients. Evidence for possible publication bias was detected. This review provides crucial evidence for health authorities in Sudan, outlining the necessity for re-evaluation of the current screening strategies, especially among these high-risk groups.

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“…While the tide of HIV infection is increasing in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Cameroon recorded a rate of 3.8% in the general population in 2016 [4]. Several studies have reported the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Cameroon ranging between 5.4% and 19.9% over the past three decades [1,2,5,6,7] and a rate of overt HBV infection of 11.8% was reported in HIV-infected individuals in 2016 [8]. Meanwhile, some studies showed no impact on the progression to AIDS or on viral and immunological responses to ART in both HIV mono-and co-infected patients with HBV [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undiagnosed Chronic Hepatitis B Infection and HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance Profile in AIDS Patients Receiving Tenofovir-containing Antiretroviral Regimens: Considerations for Monitoring Resistant HIV Variants during Treatment

Kouanfack

Kowo

Haddison

et al. 2018

MRJI

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Background: During antiretroviral therapy (ART), resistant HIV-1 variants may be selected resulting in clinical failure. Co-infection rate of Hepatitis B virus in AIDS patients in Cameroon is 11.8%, but few studies have described the profile of resistance associated mutations (RAMs) in HIV in these patients on first-line ART containing antiviral drugs against hepatitis B infection. Thus, we aimed to determine the rate of HBV infection and profile of HIV-1 RAMs in AIDS patients on ART.

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High Burden of HBV-Infection and Atypical HBV Strains among HIV-infected Cameroonians

Abstract: High prevalence of overt/occult HBV-infection and circulating atypical strains highlight the importance of HBV-surveillance among HIV-infected Cameroonians and strategies to detect OBI in highly endemic countries.

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV positive patients in Cameroon

Characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among HIV positive patients in Cameroon

Occult hepatitis B virus infection in Sudan: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Undiagnosed Chronic Hepatitis B Infection and HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance Profile in AIDS Patients Receiving Tenofovir-containing Antiretroviral Regimens: Considerations for Monitoring Resistant HIV Variants during Treatment

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