Carbon dots (CDots)‐based solid‐state luminescent materials have important applications in light‐emitting devices owing to their outstanding optical properties. However, it still remains a challenge to develop multiple‐color‐emissive solid‐state CDots, due to the serious self‐quenching of the CDots in the aggregation or solid state. Herein, a one‐step synthesis of multiple‐color‐emissive solid‐state silica‐coated CDots (silica/CDots) composites by controlling CDots loading fraction and composite morphology to realize the adjustment of emitting color is reported. The emission of resultant silica/CDots composites shifts from blue to orange with the photoluminescence quantum yields of 57.9%, 34.3%, and 32.7% for blue, yellow, and orange emitting, respectively. Furthermore, the yellow emitting silica/CDots composites exhibit an excellent fluorescence thermal stability, and further have been applied to fabricate white‐light‐emitting devices with a high color rendering index of above 80.