“…5 In addition, some nonlinear crystals, such as ZnGeP 2 and CdSe, have low absorption loss in the 2.7-3.0 μm waveband, enabling the 2.7-3.0 μm laser to be utilized as an ideal pumping source for optical parametric oscillation (OPO) and optical parametric generation (OPG) to induce mid and far infrared laser operated at 3.0-5.0 μm and 8.0-14.0 μm, respectively. 6 Some matrix crystals that are suitable for doping with rare earth ions include Y 3 Al 5 O 12 , 7,8 YAlO 3 , 9 Y 3 Ga 5 O 12 , 10 Gd 3 Ga 5 -O 12 , 11 Y 3 Sc 2 Ga 3 O 12 , 12 Gd 1.17 Y 1.83 Sc 2 Ga 3 O 12 , 13 Lu 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 , 14,15 CaF 2 , 16 SrF 2 , 17 and LiYF 4 . 18 Among them, the oxide and sesquioxide crystals are favored by researchers owing to their good chemical stability, excellent mechanical property, and high thermal conductivity.…”