High-density and low-sensitivity energetic materials based on conjugated fused rings

Self-Assembly of Purines with Oxidants for the Development of Novel, Dense, Insensitive, and Thermally Stable Energetic Materials

“…Additionally, they form a large molecular conjugated system that improves the thermal stability and reduces the sensitivity of the concerned explosives. 18 Furthermore, the simplicity with which high nitrogen content molecules may be assembled is thought to be a positive step toward environmentally benign explosives. 19 The primary challenge to achieving this goal, nevertheless, is the scarcity of heterocyclic compounds with ideal structures that can be easily functionalized or transformed by facile methods.…”

“…Fused heterocyclic compounds are usually considered denser materials, so they have a high capacity of energy storage in their molecules. Additionally, they form a large molecular conjugated system that improves the thermal stability and reduces the sensitivity of the concerned explosives . Furthermore, the simplicity with which high nitrogen content molecules may be assembled is thought to be a positive step toward environmentally benign explosives .…”

2,2′-Azobis(1,5′-bitetrazole) with a N10 Chain and 1,5′-Bitetrazolate-2N-oxides: Construction of Highly Energetic Nitrogen-Rich Materials Based on C–N-Linked Tetrazoles

“…In recent decades, there has been a growing global interest in the research of novel high-energy density materials (HEDMs) due to their significant implications in both military and civil applications. − Traditional energetic materials are mostly polynitro explosives (such as RDX, HMX, CL-20), but the synthesis process is complicated, and a lot of environmental pollutants are produced in the synthesis and decomposition products. Modern high-energy materials are expected to display outstanding energetic performance, high heat of formation, and appropriate mechanical sensitivities to ensure adequate safety during preparation and transport and should be “green” enough.…”

Comparative Studies of Synthesis, Performance, and Applications of Recently Developed CL-20 Based Co-crystals

“…In 1887, TATB was reported and found to be more potent than TNT in terms of performance and stability toward external stimuli (i.e., impact, fire, vibration, or shock). The extensive inter-/intramolecular hydrogen bonding network of TATB is responsible for its superior insensitivity to external stimuli. , To improve the performance difficulties, the first nitramine-based energetic compound RDX (Figure ) was prepared in 1898, which was initially widely employed by both sides in World War II and is still extensively used in various formulations. Under ambient conditions, RDX exists in both α- and β-polymorphic phases, with the α-phase having a higher density than the β-phase .…”