High detection rates and genetic diversity of picobirnaviruses (PBVs) in pigs on St. Kitts Island: Identification of a porcine PBV strain closely related to simian and human PBVs

Joycelyn, Soh Jiaying; Ng, Agnes; Kleymann, Alyssa; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Kobayashi, Nobumichi; Ghosh, Souvik

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104383

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A viral metagenomics study in diarrheic free-ranging wolves has provided evidence for genetic reassortment events among PBVs (31). Most studies on genetic diversity of PBVs are based on gene segment-2/RdRp sequences (2)(3)(4)(5). The phylogenetic analysis of PBV RdRp sequences has been shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Picobirnavirus Morphology and Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain viruses that infect prokaryotes have been shown to be highly enriched for RBS sequences, such as the bacteriophages with segmented dsRNA genomes of family Cystoviridae (13,21,64,65). Similar to prokaryotic mRNAs and the cystoviruses, the RBS sequence, or its subset has been found to be conserved upstream of putative ORF/s (putative ORF1, 2 and 3 in gene segment-1 and putative ORF for RdRp in gene segment-2) in published PBV sequences from humans, animals and environmental samples (4,7,8,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)21). The presence of the conserved prokaryotic RBS sequence upstream of the putative start codon/s in representative PBV gene segment-1 sequences, gene segment-2 sequences of PBV GI and GII strains, and PBVlike RdRp sequences are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Evidence That Picobirnaviruses Might Infect Prokaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Picobirnaviruses have been widely reported in fecal samples/gut contents of humans and various animal species with, or without diarrhea (1)(2)(3). Traditionally, PBVs are considered as opportunistic enteric pathogens of mammals and avian species (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). On the other hand, PBVs have also been detected in invertebrates and environmental samples (6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, PBVs have also been detected in invertebrates and environmental samples (6)(7)(8)(9). During the past few years, the whole genomes, or at least the complete/nearly complete gene segment-2 sequences of several PBV strains from humans, different animal species and environmental samples have been obtained using next generation sequencing technologies, or a modified non-specific primer-based amplification method (1,4,(6)(7)(8)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Analyses of the expanded repertoire of diverse full-length/nearly full-length PBV sequences revealed remarkable features in the PBV genome including those that suggest that PBVs might be actually prokaryotic or fungal viruses (1,4,(6)(7)(8)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The True Host/s of Picobirnaviruses

Ghosh

Malik

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) are bisegmented double-stranded RNA viruses that have been detected in a wide variety of animal species including invertebrates and in environmental samples. Since PBVs are ubiquitous in feces/gut contents of humans and other animals with or without diarrhea, they were considered as opportunistic enteric pathogens of mammals and avian species. However, the virus remains to be propagated in animal cell cultures, or in gnotobiotic animals. Recently, the classically defined prokaryotic motif, the ribosomal binding site sequence, has been identified upstream of putative open reading frame/s in PBV and PBV-like sequences from humans, various animals, and environmental samples, suggesting that PBVs might be prokaryotic viruses. On the other hand, based on the detection of some novel PBV-like RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences that use the alternative mitochondrial genetic code (that of mold or invertebrates) for translation, and principal component analysis of codon usage bias for these sequences, it has been proposed that PBVs might be fungal viruses with a lifestyle reminiscent of mitoviruses. These contradicting observations warrant further studies to ascertain the true host/s of PBVs, which still remains controversial. In this minireview, we have focused on the various findings that have raised a debate on the true host/s of PBVs.

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Section: Picobirnavirus Morphology and Genomementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence That Picobirnaviruses Might Infect Prokaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The True Host/s of Picobirnaviruses

Ghosh

Malik

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Although PBVs have been detected in faeces/gut contents of humans and various animal species with diarrhoea, the role of PBV as a causative agent of diarrhoea is still controversial. Indeed, its presence has also been reported in asymptomatic hosts, leading to the assumption that PBVs may be opportunistic enteric pathogens [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 11 ]. However, PBVs have also been detected in the respiratory tract of humans [ 12 , 13 ], domestic pigs [ 14 ], cattle and monkeys ( Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis ) [ 15 ], and in the plasma of cattle [ 16 ] and domestic horses [ 17 ], suggesting an expanded tissue tropism of the virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Picobirnavirus in Wild Deer and Cattle from Australia: Evidence of Genogroup I and II in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Huaman

Pacioni

Sarker

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been detected in several species of animals worldwide; however, data pertaining to their presence in Australian wild and domestic animals are limited. Although PBVs are mostly found in faecal samples, their detection in blood and respiratory tract samples raises questions concerning their tropism and pathogenicity. We report here PBV detection in wild deer and cattle from southeastern Australia. Through metagenomics, the presence of PBV genogroups I (GI) and II (GII) were detected in deer serum and plasma. Molecular epidemiology studies targeting the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene were performed in a wide range of specimens (serum, faeces, spleen, lung, nasal swabs, and trachea) collected from wild deer and cattle, with PCR amplification obtained in all specimen types except lung and spleen. Our results reveal the predominance of GI and concomitant detection of both genogroups in wild deer and cattle. In concordance with other studies, the detected GI sequences displayed high genetic diversity, however in contrast, GII sequences clustered into three distinct clades. Detection of both genogroups in the upper respiratory tract (trachea and nasal swab) of deer in the present study gives more evidence about the respiratory tract tropism of PBV. Although much remains unknown about the epidemiology and tropism of PBVs, our study suggests a wide distribution of these viruses in southeastern Australia.

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