High-energy conversion efficiency of drum kiln with heat distribution pipe for charcoal and biochar production

Sangsuk, Supin; Buathong, Chatchai; Suebsiri, Sirisak

doi:10.1016/j.esd.2020.08.008

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Charcoal production is considered an ancestral activity, with the earliest records dating back more than 30,000 years [6][7][8]. Although there are new alternatives for energy generation, charcoal is, for many people, the main source of cooking [9]; this preference is based on ease of storage, high calorific value, low cost, and because it is more durable than firewood [10]. Preference in industrial use is due to low sulfur content, a high proportion of carbon:ash, relatively low and unreactive inorganic impurities, specific pore structure with a large surface area, and low smoke emissions [3], although a common problem in the use of charcoal is its great variability of physical and chemical properties [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

García-Quezada¹,

Musule

Prieto-Ruíz

et al. 2022

Energies

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Charcoal production is an activity that dates back over the years. The objective of the study was to determine the temperature and heating ramp in industrial carbonization processes using different kiln types and to quantify its impact on yield and quality of charcoal from different firewood species. The selection of sites, kiln types, and species investigated was based on those with highest production in Mexico. Brazilian beehive kilns using Arbutus xalapensis, Quercus durifolia, and Quercus sideroxyla species were analyzed; modified Brazilian beehive kilns with Pithecellobium dulce and Tamarindus indica; Argentine half-orange kilns with Quercus magnoliifolia and Q. sideroxyla, industrial metal kilns with Brosimum alicastrum, Vitex gaumeri, Manilkara zapota, and Pouteria unilocularis. The process time, temperature, heating ramp, production yield, and quality of charcoal produced were determined. Data were analyzed in a completely random statistical design. The industrial type kilns showed the highest production yield (>35%), and the Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the longest carbonization time (>240 h). On the other hand, the modified Brazilian beehive kilns obtained the best energetic characteristics (>75% fixed carbon and <16% volatile material). A carbonization process with a slow heating ramp (<1 °C min−1) and temperatures of 500–600 °C can generate a charcoal with export quality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

García-Quezada¹,

Musule

Prieto-Ruíz

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…It is easy to store charcoal for longer periods and it is more durable than wood. The difference between biochar and charcoal lies in its application: while the first is for soil amendment, the second is to be used as fuel (Sangsuk et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar and Compost in the Soil: A Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Research

Virú-Vásquez

Pardave

Coral

et al. 2022

EREM

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Biochar is a carbonized material obtained from the pyrolysis of biomass produced in a limiting environment of zero or very low oxygen. Its interest lies in its versatility for different applications in the water treatment, soil pollution, mitigation of greenhouse gases, etc. The synergy of this product with other amendments such as compost has been studied for different applications in the soil, including environmental remediation, crop yield, etc. The aim of the research is to identify the relevant aspects in the scientific literature of biochar, compost and soil through a bibliometric analysis for which 753 articles were selected from the Scopus database, having as keywords “biochar”, “compost” and “soil”. This research used R software, specifically the package Bibliometrix, to analyze descriptive analysis, author sources, document metrics, citation, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence network, co-word analysis, and collaboration analysis. Results showed that Zhang Z is the author with the greatest number of documents, and with a higher H index. Science of The Total Environment, Bioresource Technology, and Agronomy are the 3 topmost relevant sources. The keywords according to bond strength and most frequent use were biochar (538 occurrences), composting (349 occurrences), compost (436 occurrences), charcoal (295 occurrences), soil (255 occurrences). China is the country with the most collaboration. It is hoped that the bibliometric review will help to identify current research trends and provide information on the application of biochar and compost in the soil.

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“…Heating time: the time required for the inner surface of the sidewall to heat up to 300 • C [17,31] from an initial temperature of 25 • C; 4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooling time: the time required for the inner surface of the sidewall to cool from 300 • C up to 50 • C. This final temperature was considered safe to open the kiln after finishing a carbonization cycle [11,31].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heating stage: for all simulated cases, it was considered the application of constant and uniform heat flux of 3800 W/m 2 on the inner face of the sidewalls, which is held until the surface temperature reaches 300 • C [15,19,31]. This heat flux stands for approximately 10% of the total chemical energy of the wood loaded into the kiln and released as combustion thermal energy during a period of 9 h [32].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thermal Performance Analysis of Materials and Configurations for Cylindrical Sidewalls of Charcoal Kilns

2022

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Most of the charcoal in the world comes from small and medium-sized producers, using rudimentary carbonization kilns that require significant time or energy during the heating and cooling stages of the process. Despite advances in improving the performance, the influence of materials used in the sidewalls of these kilns has been scarcely studied. Therefore, based on numerical simulations, the present study analyses the thermal performance of cylindrical sidewalls composed of combinations of metallic materials, ceramic materials, and insulating blankets grouped in three configurations: configuration I (sidewall with just one material), configuration II (sidewall with two materials assembled in series), and configuration III (pivoting sidewall). Results were encouraging, especially when comparing kiln configuration I with the novel configuration III. Simulations suggested that the proposed configuration III could reduce the heating time by 62%, the cooling time by 91%, the heat supplied to sidewalls by 80%, and the heat loss to the external environment by 99.7%. The save of wood charged into the charcoal kiln grew up to 7.3 times, varying the thickness of the inner layer of the sidewall.

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High-energy conversion efficiency of drum kiln with heat distribution pipe for charcoal and biochar production

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

Evaluation of Four Types of Kilns Used to Produce Charcoal from Several Tree Species in Mexico

Biochar and Compost in the Soil: A Bibliometric Analysis of Scientific Research

Thermal Performance Analysis of Materials and Configurations for Cylindrical Sidewalls of Charcoal Kilns

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