High fat diet altered cardiac metabolic gene profile in Psammomys obesus gerbils

Sahraoui, Abdelhamid; Dewachter, Céline; Vegh, Grégory; Entee, Kathleen Mc; Naeije, Robert; Aouichat-Bouguerra, S.; Dewachter, Laurence

doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01301-y

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…A similar composition was reported for the Chenopodiaceae plant, Salsola foetida , with an EV of 0.4 kcal/g [ 38 ], S. bigelovii, with an EV of 0.3 kcal/g [ 31 ], and S. herbaceae with an EV of 0.44 kcal/g [ 43 ]. The determined EV of HCD is also similar to that used in similar experiments varying from ~3.70 kcal/g [ 38 , 44 ] to ~4.00 kcal/g [ 41 , 45 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Anti-Obesity and Anti-Dyslipidemic Effects of Salicornia arabica Decocted Extract in Tunisian Psammomys obesus Fed a High-Calorie Diet

Chrigui

Taieb

Jemai

et al. 2023

Foods

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Salicornia is a halophyte plant that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of scurvy, goiter, and hypertension. It is commercialized in Europe and Asia as fresh salads, pickled vegetables, green salt, or tea powder. This work is the first to assess the potential anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemic effects of Salicornia arabica decocted extract (SADE). SADE was characterized by its significant in vitro radical scavenging activity (using DPPH and ABTS assays). The effect of SADE on food intake, weight loss, serum biochemical parameters, liver and kidney weights, adiposity index and on liver histology was investigated in the Tunisian gerbil Psammomys obesus (P. obesus), which is recognized as a relevant animal model of human obesity and diabetes. P. obesus animals were firstly randomly divided into two groups: the first received a natural low-calorie chow diet (LCD), and the second group received a high-calorie diet (HCD) over 12 weeks. On day 90, animals were divided into four groups receiving or not receiving SADE (LCD, LCD + SADE, HCD, and HCD + SADE). If compared to the HCD group, SADE oral administration (300 mg/kg per day during 4 weeks) in HCD + SADE group showed on day 120 a significant decrease in body weight (−34%), blood glucose (−47.85%), serum levels of total cholesterol (−54.92%), LDL cholesterol (−60%), triglycerides (−48.03%), and of the levels of hepatic enzymes: ASAT (−66.28%) and ALAT (−31.87%). Oral administration of SADE restored the relative liver weight and adiposity index and significantly limited HCD-induced hepatic injury in P. obesus. SADE seems to have promising in vivo anti-obesity and anti-dyslipidemic effects.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Anti-Obesity and Anti-Dyslipidemic Effects of Salicornia arabica Decocted Extract in Tunisian Psammomys obesus Fed a High-Calorie Diet

Chrigui

Taieb

Jemai

et al. 2023

Foods

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“…It should be noted that the highest hypertrophic lesions were observed in the SFA-fed animals, whereas the lowest were found in the group of mice fed a diet with the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 5:1. As previously described and partially confirmed in our study, high fat diets rich in SFA [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] or diets based on equal proportions of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA [ 25 ] induced the development of cardiac hypertrophy and intravascular fibrosis. Additionally, excess dietary linoleic acid (LA) has also been related to increased collagen deposition in the left ventricle in C57BL/6 mice [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Three-Month Feeding High Fat Diets with Different Fatty Acid Composition on Myocardial Proteome in Mice

et al. 2021

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Westernized diet is characterized by a high content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and a low level of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), often accompanied by an imbalance in the omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio. Since increased intake of SFA and n-6 PUFA is considered as a cardiovascular disease risk factor, this study was conducted to determine whether a three-month dietary supplementation of high-fat diets (HFDs) with saturated fatty acids and a significant proportion of various n-6 and n-3 PUFA ratios would affect the architecture and protein expression patterns of the murine heart. Therefore, three HFD (n = 6) feeding groups: rich in SFA, dominated by PUFA with the n-6/n-3–14:1, and n-6/n-3–5:1, ratios were compared to animals fed standard mouse chow. For this purpose, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis with MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry-based identification of differentially expressed cardiac proteins, and a histological examination of cardiac morphology. The results indicated that mice fed with all HFDs developed signs of hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. Animals fed SFA-rich HFD manifested the most severe cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis lesions, whereas less pronounced changes were observed in the group of animals that ingested the highest amount of omega-3 FA. In general, all HFDs, regardless of FA composition, evoked a comparable pattern of cardiac protein changes and affected the following biological processes: lipid metabolism and FA β-oxidation, glycolysis, TCA cycle, respiratory chain, myocardium contractility, oxidative stress and PUFA eicosanoid metabolism. However, it should be noted that three proteins, namely IDH3A, LDHB, and AK1, were affected differently by various FA contents. High expression of these myocardial proteins found in the group of animals fed a HFD with the highest n-3 PUFA content could be closely related to the observed development of hypertrophy.

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“…The two gerbil species focused on in this study have also been reported to become obese and exhibit metabolic abnormalities when maintained on a standard laboratory diet or a high fat diet, although not in the wild [23,25,49,50]. For example, sand rat islet cells show more pancreatic β-cell damage compared to rat islets when exposed to high glucose concentrations, and even healthy sand rats on plant-based diets do not have a strong response to human insulin [51,52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Divergent genes in gerbils: prevalence, relation to GC-biased substitution, and phenotypic relevance

2020

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Background Two gerbil species, sand rat (Psammomys obesus) and Mongolian jird (Meriones unguiculatus), can become obese and show signs of metabolic dysregulation when maintained on standard laboratory diets. The genetic basis of this phenotype is unknown. Recently, genome sequencing has uncovered very unusual regions of high guanine and cytosine (GC) content scattered across the sand rat genome, most likely generated by extreme and localized biased gene conversion. A key pancreatic transcription factor PDX1 is encoded by a gene in the most extreme GC-rich region, is remarkably divergent and exhibits altered biochemical properties. Here, we ask if gerbils have proteins in addition to PDX1 that are aberrantly divergent in amino acid sequence, whether they have also become divergent due to GC-biased nucleotide changes, and whether these proteins could plausibly be connected to metabolic dysfunction exhibited by gerbils. Results We analyzed ~ 10,000 proteins with 1-to-1 orthologues in human and rodents and identified 50 proteins that accumulated unusually high levels of amino acid change in the sand rat and 41 in Mongolian jird. We show that more than half of the aberrantly divergent proteins are associated with GC biased nucleotide change and many are in previously defined high GC regions. We highlight four aberrantly divergent gerbil proteins, PDX1, INSR, MEDAG and SPP1, that may plausibly be associated with dietary metabolism. Conclusions We show that through the course of gerbil evolution, many aberrantly divergent proteins have accumulated in the gerbil lineage, and GC-biased nucleotide substitution rather than positive selection is the likely cause of extreme divergence in more than half of these. Some proteins carry putatively deleterious changes that could be associated with metabolic and physiological phenotypes observed in some gerbil species. We propose that these animals provide a useful model to study the ‘tug-of-war’ between natural selection and the excessive accumulation of deleterious substitutions mutations through biased gene conversion.

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High fat diet altered cardiac metabolic gene profile in Psammomys obesus gerbils

Cited by 9 publications

References 63 publications

Anti-Obesity and Anti-Dyslipidemic Effects of Salicornia arabica Decocted Extract in Tunisian Psammomys obesus Fed a High-Calorie Diet

Anti-Obesity and Anti-Dyslipidemic Effects of Salicornia arabica Decocted Extract in Tunisian Psammomys obesus Fed a High-Calorie Diet

Effects of Three-Month Feeding High Fat Diets with Different Fatty Acid Composition on Myocardial Proteome in Mice

Divergent genes in gerbils: prevalence, relation to GC-biased substitution, and phenotypic relevance

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