High Frequency Somatic Embryogenesis in Cotton

Abstract

A highly reproducible system for efficient somatic embryogenesis was developed to regenerate plantlets from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (Nazilli M-503 and Nazilli 143). Shoot apices, hypocotyls and nodes of 10-d-old seedlings were used as explants. High frequency (100 %) embryogenic calli was initiated from all tested explants on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) media supplemented with 1 g dm -3 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 1 mg dm -3 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.5 mg dm -3 kinetin for Nazilli M-503 and 1 g dm -3 PVP, 2 mg dm -3 BAP, 0.5 mg dm -3 kinetin for Nazilli-143. Globular stage somatic embryos were produced 4 months after transfer to hormone-free MS medium supplemented with 1 g dm -3 PVP. Subsequent subculture of globular embryos every 3 weeks on hormonefree MS medium led to the development of torpedo and cotyledonary stage embryos with the frequency of 75 and 83.2 % from hypocotyl explants of Nazilli M-503 and Nazilli-143, respectively. Afterwards, mature somatic embryos were isolated and cultured on hormone-free MS medium for germination and development into plantlets. The highest germination frequency (42.9 %) for Nazilli M-503 somatic embryos were obtained on hormone-free MS medium after 5 months with hypocotyl explants, whereas germination frequencies of Nazilli-143 embryos from hypocotyl, node and apex explants varied between 22 -30 %.

Identification of a novel elite genotype for in vitro culture and genetic transformation of cotton

“…Coker 310 via somatic embryogenesis (Davidonis and Hamilton 1983). Since then, significant progress has been reported in cotton tissue culture (Finer and Smith 1984, Trolinder and Goodin 1987, Zhang et al 1991, Firoozabady and DeBoer 1993, Wu et al 2004, Aydin et al 2004. At the same time, regeneration procedures have been used to obtain transgenic cotton via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (Umbeck et al 1987, Lyon et al 1993) as well as by particle bombardment McMullen 1990, Rajasekraran et al 2000).…”

Effects of brassinosteroid on cotton regeneration via somatic embryogenesis

“…They used spirostane analogues of BR with BAP for callus formation and regeneration in lettuce, indicated the stimulation of callus formation and improved the percentage of explants regenerated. In our cotton regeneration system (Aydin et al, 2004) 1 mg/L BAP + 2 mg/L kinetin were used and addition of BR to culture media in the way similar to a synergistic manner stimulated the somatic embryogenesis especially maturation phase of somatic embryos. Because of increasing attention on understanding of BR-induced signaling, gene expression analyses will be helpful explanation of BR synergistic actions and may promise applications in the future (Sasse, 2003).…”

“…Cotton regeneration via somatic embryogenesis is strongly affected by genotypes. Recently we have developed high frequency somatic embryo formation protocol using two different cytokinins (Aydin et al, 2004). There are also reports on brassinosteroids in the culture medium as a cytokinin substitute or complement (Garcia, 2000;Nunez et al, 2004).…”

Plant regeneration from Gossypium davidsonii protoplasts via somatic embryogenesis

“…Embryogenic callus induction and suspension culture establishing were according to Sun et al (2004) and Aydin et al (2004). Embryogenic callus was induced from 5-to 7-mm-long hypocotyl sections of G. davidsonii on MSB medium [MS inorganic salts (Murashige and Skoog 1962) plus B 5 vitamins (Gamborg et al 1968)] supplemented with 0.90 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2.32 μM kinetin (Kn), 0.55 mM myoinositol, 0.25 % (m/v) Phytagel and 3 % (m/v) glucose.…”