High-Frequency Vacuum Electron Devices

Feng, Jinjun; Gong, Yandao; Du, Chao‐Hai; Cross, A. V.

doi:10.3390/electronics11050817

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Sources other than the CW gyrotron oscillator are under intensive development for DNP NMR applications as well as for other applications such as radar [ 37 ]. An extended interaction oscillator (EIO) has been developed at 263 GHz with continuous output power in the 2–15 W range tunable over several GHz [ 38 ] and has now been used successfully for DNP NMR experiments [ 39 ].…”

Section: Highlighted Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in the Application of RF Vacuum Electronics

Armstrong

Snively

Shumail

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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The application of radio frequency (RF) vacuum electronics for the betterment of the human condition began soon after the invention of the first vacuum tubes in the 1920s and has not stopped since. Today, microwave vacuum devices are powering important applications in health treatment, material and biological science, wireless communication-terrestrial and space, Earth environment remote sensing, and the promise of safe, reliable, and inexhaustible energy. This article highlights some of the exciting application frontiers of vacuum electronics.

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Section: Highlighted Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in the Application of RF Vacuum Electronics

Armstrong

Snively

Shumail

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Electron Devices

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“…4,6,19 Therefore, the vacuum device can have high-speed switching with high stability. 20,21 Additionally, a vacuum tunneling device can be more robust in harsh environmental conditions such as a wide driving temperature or radiation conditions due to the empty channel. 5,22,23 In the past, vacuum tubes were dominantly used as a key component of electronic circuits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Old vacuum tube technology can point toward a direction to resolve these issues. , A vacuum is one of the ideal tunneling barriers, and it is almost free from defects. Due to the absence of trap sites and electron interference in the ideal vacuum, the vacuum device exhibits ballistic transport properties. ,, Therefore, the vacuum device can have high-speed switching with high stability. , Additionally, a vacuum tunneling device can be more robust in harsh environmental conditions such as a wide driving temperature or radiation conditions due to the empty channel. ,, In the past, vacuum tubes were dominantly used as a key component of electronic circuits. − However, despite these advantages, the old vacuum tubes have some limitations. They are difficult to use in large-scale integrated circuits due to the large sealing volume and poor durability of glass sealing and consequently were replaced by semiconductor devices and integrated circuit (IC) design.…”

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Vacuum Tunneling Transistor with Nano Vacuum Chamber for Harsh Environments

Heo,

Shin,

Jun

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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A nano vacuum tube which consists of a vacuum transistor and a nano vacuum chamber was demonstrated. For the device, a vacuum region is an electron transport channel, and a vacuum is a tunneling barrier. Tilted angle evaporation was studied for the formation of the nano level vacuum chamber structure. This vacuum tube was ultraminiaturized with several tens of 10–18 L scale volume and 10–6 Torr of pressure. The device structure made it possible to achieve a high integration density and to sustain the vacuum state in various real operations. In particular, the vacuum transistor performed stably in extreme external environments because the tunneling mechanism showed a wide range of working stability. The vacuum was sustained well by the sealing layer and provided a defect-free tunneling junction. In tests, the high vacuum level was maintained for more than 15 months with high reliability. The Al sealing layer and tube structure can effectively block exposed light such as visible light and UV, enabling the stable operation of the tunneling transistor. In addition, it is estimated that the structure blocks approximately 5 keV of X-ray. The device showed stable operating characteristics in a wide temperature range of 100–390 K. Therefore, the vacuum tube can be used in a wide range of applications involving integrated circuits while resolving the disadvantages of a large volume in old vacuum tubes. Additionally, it can be an important solution for next-generation devices in various fields such as aerospace, artificial intelligence, and THz applications.

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High-Frequency Vacuum Electron Devices

Abstract: Vacuum electron devices at frequencies of millimeter waves and terahertz play highly important roles in the modern high-data rate and broadband communication system, high-resolution detection and imaging, medical diagnostics, magnetically confined nuclear fusion, etc [...]

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Frontiers in the Application of RF Vacuum Electronics

Frontiers in the Application of RF Vacuum Electronics

Vacuum Tunneling Transistor with Nano Vacuum Chamber for Harsh Environments

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