High-gain printed monopole antenna with dual-band characteristics using FSS-loading and top-hat structure

Abstract

In this paper, a printed monopole antenna with high-gain and dual-band characteristics for applications in wireless local area networks and the internet of things sensor networks is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular patch with multiple matching stubs surrounded to improve the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The antenna incorporates a cross-plate structure which is seated at the base of the monopole antenna. The cross-plate consist of metallic plates aligned perpendicularly which enhances the radiations from the edges of the planar monopole to maintain uniform omnidirectional radiation patterns within the antenna’s operating band. Furthermore, a layer of frequency selective surface (FSS) unit cells and a top-hat structure is added to the antenna design. The FSS layer consist of three unit cells printed at the back side of the antenna. The top-hat structure is placed on top of the monopole antenna and comprises of three planar metallic structures arranged in a hat-like configuration. The coupling of both the FSS layer and the top-hat structure presents a large aperture to increase the directivity of the monopole antenna. Thus, the proposed antenna structure realizes a high gain without compromising the omnidirectional radiation patterns within the antenna’s operating band. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated where good agreement is achieved between the measured and full-wave simulation results. The antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth |S11| < − 10 dB and VSWR ≤ 2 for the L and S band at 1.6–2.1 GHz and 2.4–2.85 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, a radiation efficiency of 94.2% and 89.7% is realized at 1.7 and 2.5 GHz, respectively. The proposed antenna attains a measured average gain of 5.2 dBi and 6.1 dBi at the L and S band, respectively.

Metasurface loaded dual band antenna for high gain on- and off- body communication

“…Moreover, the presented work offers dual band operation with respective bandwidth of 12% and 57% which is wider as compared to the antenna system operating at the same frequencies [32,37]. The peak gain of the proposed antenna system is also high with reference to the work reported in [30][31][32][33][34]37]. Although the work reported in [38] offers a bit higher gain but it also has the setback of higher SAR values, especially at lower frequency.…”

“…Due to their wide range of application because of their properties like enhancing the performance of antenna by offering a directional pattern, enhanced isolation and widen bandwidths [29]. As a result, a number of metasurface based antenna came into the market to fulfill the need of the advanced systems [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. A compact antenna based upon composite right/left-handed (CRLH) radiator is designed for 2.45 GHz applications [30].…”

“…A multilayered frequency selective (FSS) loaded antenna is presented in [34], due to multilayered structure a high gain of 13 dB is achieved at the cost of narrow bandwidth and structural complexity. On the other hand, a circularly polarized (CP) dual band antenna is presented in [35].…”

wideband high-gain low-profile series-fed antenna integrated with optimized metamaterials for 5G millimeter wave applications

“…High-gain antennas can mitigate this issue, and various techniques have been reported in scientific literature to enhance mm-wave antenna gain. These include the use of multiple substrates 4 , multiple shorting pins 5 , dielectric lenses 6 , and artificial materials 7 , 8 . However, these methods result in large profile structures, complex power distribution, fabrication complexities, and narrow bandwidth.…”