High hepatitis C virus prevalence among drug users in Iran: systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence (2001–2012)

Malekinejad, Mohsen; Navadeh, Soodabeh; Lotfizadeh, Ali; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Amin-Esmaeili, Ma­soumeh; Noroozi, Alireza

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2015.09.022

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This prevalence was 10–20% in Europe, 5–30% in USA, 10.2% in Japan, and 35.1% in Brazil [28–31]. In Iran, the rate of HCV infection among non-IDUs outside and inside of prison was 8.2% and 29.1–36.7%, respectively [32–34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic History of Hepatitis C Virus among Patients with Inherited Bleeding Disorders in Iran

et al. 2016

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The high rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among transfusion related risk groups such as patients with inherited bleeding disorders highlighting the investigation on prevalent subtypes and their epidemic history among this group. In this study, 166 new HCV NS5B sequences isolated from patients with inherited bleeding disorders together with 29 sequences related to hemophiliacs obtained from a previous study on diversity of HCV in Iran were analyzed. The most prevalent subtype was 1a (65%), followed by 3a (18.7%),1b (14.5%),4(1.2%) and 2k (0.6%). Subtypes 1a and 3a showed exponential expansion during the 20th century. Whereas expansion of 3a started around 20 years earlier than 1a among the study patients, the epidemic growth of 1a revealed a delay of about 10 years compared with that found for this subtype in developed countries. Our results supported the view that the spread of 3a reached the plateau 10 years prior to the screening of blood donors for HCV. Rather, 1a reached the plateau when screening program was implemented. The differences observed in the epidemic behavior of HCV-1a and 3a may be associated with different transmission routes of two subtypes. Indeed, expansion of 1a was more commonly linked to blood transfusion, while 3a was more strongly associated to drug use and specially IDU after 1960. Our findings also showed HCV transmission through blood products has effectively been controlled from late 1990s. In conclusion, the implementation of strategies such as standard surveillance programs and subsiding antiviral treatments seems to be essential to both prevent new HCV infections and to decline the current and future HCV disease among Iranian patients with inherited bleeding disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic History of Hepatitis C Virus among Patients with Inherited Bleeding Disorders in Iran

et al. 2016

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“…WHO reports nearly 13 million IDUs exist in the world and 67%, 13% and 8.4% of them are living with HCV, HIV and HCV/HIV co-infection, respectively http://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news/global-aids-update-2016-news/en/. Some studies indicated that 1.2 million permanent addicts and approximately 2.5 million recreational IDUs exist in Iran with HCV and HCV/HIV co-infection frequencies of 45 and 11 %, respectively [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of HCV viral load and its genotype distributions in HCV mono- and HIV/HCV co-infected illicit drug users

Jamalidoust¹,

Namayandeh²,

Moghadami³

et al. 2017

Virol J

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BackgroundBecause of shared modes of transmission, patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are often co-infected with other types of hepatitis viruses and/or HIV. We studied HCV viral load and its genotype patterns among HCV mono- and HCV/HIV co-infected Illicit Drug Users in Fars province-Iran.MethodsTotally, 580 HCV seropositive IDUs referred to Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz, Iran, without receiving any anti-HCV treatment, were enrolled. After their HCV infections were reconfirmed by one step rapid diagnostic test, HCV RNA level and HCV genotypes were determined by Taq-man real-time PCR assays. Their HIV serostatus was determined and seropositive patients were excluded from the group.In addition, 104 HIV/HCV co-infected IDUs referred from Shiraz Behavioral Diseases Consultation Center (SBDC) were assessed for HCV RNA level and HCV genotype patterns, as well.ResultsThe overall estimated HIV prevalence was 6.7% (39/580) among HCV seropositive IDUs. Genotype 1, the most prevalent genotype in both groups, was detected in 69% and 49% of co- and mono-infected IDUs, respectively. Median HCV viral load was significantly higher in HIV/HCV co-infected patients, compared with that among HCV mono-infected counterparts.ConclusionsGiven the higher baseline HCV viral load and GT1 attributed to poorer treatments response, HCV treatment must be more considered among HCV/HIV co-infected IDUs, compared to those mono-infected with HCV.

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“…The prevalence of HCV infection in PWID ranges from 20% to 90% in different studies (5,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). High-risk injection behaviors are the leading cause of HCV infection among PWID (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among Male Drug Injectors in Kermanshah, Iran

et al. 2017

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Background: Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is increasingly recognized as a major global health problem. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of HCV infection and determine the risk factors associated with HCV among male people who inject drugs (PWID) in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: In this cross sectional study, the samples were recruited from 2 drop-in centers and related community outreach sites, using snowball sampling. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections, including demographics, drug use patterns, and risky behaviors. HCV infection was tested in venous blood samples, collected from the participants, using the ABON rapid test kit. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between HCV status and the associated factors, reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

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High hepatitis C virus prevalence among drug users in Iran: systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological evidence (2001–2012)

Abstract: HCV prevalence is high in drug users in Iran, especially among those with a history of injection drug use, needle sharing, and imprisonment. Drug user-focused HCV prevention and treatment programs are urgently needed.

Cited by 48 publications

References 57 publications

Epidemic History of Hepatitis C Virus among Patients with Inherited Bleeding Disorders in Iran

Epidemic History of Hepatitis C Virus among Patients with Inherited Bleeding Disorders in Iran

Comparison of HCV viral load and its genotype distributions in HCV mono- and HIV/HCV co-infected illicit drug users

Hepatitis C Virus Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among Male Drug Injectors in Kermanshah, Iran

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