High Iron Requirements for Growth in the Nuisance Alga <i>Gonyostomum semen</i> (Raphidophyceae)

Münzner, Karla; Gollnisch, Raphael; Rengefors, Karin; Koreivienė, Judita; Lindström, Eva S.

doi:10.1111/jpy.13170

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Similarly, some other studies have shown a higher growth rate with increased iron levels, e.g. the green alga C. vulgaris and flagellate Gonyostomum semen cultures grew better at high iron levels ( Liu et al., 2008 ; Munzner et al., 2021 ). By contrast, the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis salina , haptophyte Pleurochrysis carterae , and Chlamydomonas sp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

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Effect of micronutrient iron on bioactive compounds isolated from cryptophytes

2023

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Iron is one of the important micronutrients affecting algal growth due to its fundamental role in the physiological processes, including photosynthetic electron transport, respiration, and nitrogen fixation. In this study, the effect of different iron levels on growth and the production of bioactive compounds (phycoerythrin (PE), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and phenolic compounds (PCs)) of five cryptophyte strains were investigated. Also, the antioxidant capacity of the bioactive compounds was explored. The results showed species-specific responses to the impact of iron on growth of cryptophytes and accumulation of bioactive compounds. The growth rates of C. pyrenoidifera and Cryptomonas sp. varied significantly at different iron levels, and a reduction in the PE content was observed for several cryptophytes cultured at the highest iron level. However, no significant differences were detected in EPS content at different iron levels. Differences in PC contents of C. pyrenoidifera and Cryptomonas sp. at medium iron level were statistically significant compared with the other two treatments. The results also revealed species-specific differences in antioxidant activity at different iron levels; each studied strain followed its own pattern in response to change in iron level, and each bioactive compound had a different antioxidant activity. Overall, however, PCs demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than PE and EPS. In summary, iron has an impact on growth, bioactive compound accumulation, and antioxidant activity. However, the species-specific responses to changes in iron level should not be ignored when modifying culture conditions for optimal harvest of bioactive compounds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…By contrast, the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis salina , haptophyte Pleurochrysis carterae , and Chlamydomonas sp. showed their highest growth rate at low iron levels ( Tiamiyu, 2011 ; Munzner et al., 2021 ). Furthermore, Weng et al., 2008 found that iron deprivation could lead to slower growth rate in Cryptomonas sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of micronutrient iron on bioactive compounds isolated from cryptophytes

2023

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“…[ 62 ]). In the laboratory, we have shown that G. semen growth requires high Fe [ 63 ] and field observations connect Fe and presence of G. semen blooms [ 64 ]. Moreover, in Gollnisch et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cell genomics of a bloom-forming phytoplankton species reveals population genetic structure across continents

Gollnisch,

Ahrén,

Rengefors

2024

The ISME Journal

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The study of microbial diversity over time and space is fundamental to the understanding of their ecology and evolution. The underlying processes driving these patterns are not fully resolved but can be studied using population genetic approaches. Here we investigated the population genetic structure of Gonyostomum semen, a bloom-forming phytoplankton species, across two continents. The species appears to be expanding in Europe, whereas similar trends are not observed in the United States. Our aim was to investigate if populations of G. semen in Europe and in the United States are genetically differentiated, if there is population genetic structure within the continents, and what the potential drivers of differentiation are. To this end, we used a novel method based on Single Amplified Genomes (SAGs) combined with RADseq (SAG-RAD), that allows de novo genotyping of natural single cell isolates without the need for culturing. We amplified over 900 single-cell genomes from 25 lake populations across Europe and the United States and identified two distinct population clusters, one in Europe and another in the United States. Low genetic diversity in European populations supports the hypothesized recent expansion of G. semen on this continent. Geographic population structure within each continent was associated with differences in environmental variables which may have led to ecological divergence of population clusters. Overall, our results show that SAG-RAD can be used to analyze microalgal population structure and differentiation based on single-cell isolates from natural, uncultured samples.

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“…Individual cells were isolated manually, washed three times, and transferred to separate wells of a 48-well tissue culture plate. For the freshwater strains the wells contained 50% sterile-filtered lake water and the remainder artificial MWC medium with a selenium (Se) amendment (see 46 ). Cultures were grown at 4 °C in at 12:12 LD cycle at 50 µmol photons m -2 s -1 .…”

Section: Sampling and Isolation Of Dinoflagellate Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population genomic analyses reveal that salinity and geographic isolation drive diversification in a free-living protist

Rengefors,

Annenkova,

Wallenius

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Protists make up the vast diversity of eukaryotic life and play a critical role in biogeochemical cycling and in food webs. Because of their small size, cryptic life cycles, and large population sizes, our understanding of speciation in these organisms is very limited. We performed population genomic analyses on 153 strains isolated from eight populations of the recently radiated dinoflagellate genus Apocalathium, to explore the drivers and mechanisms of speciation processes. Species of this genus inhabit both freshwater and saline habitats, lakes and seas, and are found in cold temperate environments across the world. RAD sequencing analyses revealed that the populations were overall highly differentiated, but morphological similarity was not congruent with genetic similarity. While geographic isolation was to some extent coupled to genetic distance, this pattern was not consistent. Instead, we found evidence that the environment, specifically salinity, is a major factor in driving ecological speciation in Apocalathium. While saline populations were unique in loci coupled to genes involved in osmoregulation, freshwater populations appear to lack these. Our study highlights that adaptation to freshwater through loss of osmoregulatory genes may be an important speciation mechanism in free-living aquatic protists.

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High Iron Requirements for Growth in the Nuisance Alga Gonyostomum semen (Raphidophyceae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 94 publications

Effect of micronutrient iron on bioactive compounds isolated from cryptophytes

Effect of micronutrient iron on bioactive compounds isolated from cryptophytes

Single-cell genomics of a bloom-forming phytoplankton species reveals population genetic structure across continents

Population genomic analyses reveal that salinity and geographic isolation drive diversification in a free-living protist

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