High particulate matter burden by cigarillos: A laser spectrometric analysis of second-hand smoke of common brands with and without filter

Abstract

Although the global tobacco market of cigarillos is substantial, little is known about their particulate matter (PM) emissions. For exposure risk assessment of cigarillos, the PM fractions PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 of eight cigarillo brands (four with filters) and a reference cigarette were measured. For this purpose, second-hand smoke was generated by an automatic smoke pump in a measuring chamber with a volume of 2.88 m³. The mean particle concentrations of the cigarillos ranged from 2783 μg/m³ to 6686 μg/m³ for PM10, from 2767 μg/m³ to 6585 μg/m³ for PM2.5, and from 2441 to 4680 μg/m³ for PM1. Mean concentrations of the reference cigarette for PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were 4400 μg/m³, 4335 μg/m³, and 3289 μg/m³, respectively. Filter-tipped cigarillos showed between 5% and 38% lower PM10 and PM2.5 levels, respectively, and between 4% and 30% lower PM1 levels. Our findings show generally high PM emissions for all investigated tobacco products. Therefore, the declaration of PM amounts to government authorities should be mandatory for all tobacco products. Policymakers should ensure that corresponding information will be provided in the future.

Association between secondhand smoke exposure in pregnant women and their socioeconomic status and its interaction with age: a cross-sectional study

“…Additionally, some investigations indicated that the self-reported rate of SHS exposure was relatively high in the third trimester [8][9][10]. Previous studies have shown that exposure to SHS is more serious than active smoking [3,11,12] because it is 3 to 4 times more damaging per gram of particulate matter than smoke directly inhaled by a smoker [13]. An increasing number of studies have indicated that exposure to SHS affects almost every type of adverse pregnancy outcome, such as depression disorders, low levels of health-related quality of life, preterm labor, rupture of membranes, and fetal weight loss [3,14,15].…”

Toward an ontology of tobacco, nicotine and vaping products

“…This severely restricts the value of relying on these classes per se as a basis for clinical or policy decisions. For example, cigarillos of the type widely used in the United States are classified as cigars, but in terms of harmfulness and addictiveness have much more in common with cigarettes than with large panatella cigars because of key attributes that influence the way they are used [ 28 ]. In particular, the smoke is readily inhaled into the lungs and they are cheap and convenient to use.…”

The impact of puff frequency on respirable particulate matter in mainstream cigarette smoke

“…Evidently, fine and ultrafine PM exposure from ambient air pollution and cigarette smoke has been associated with high risks of cardiovascular death and other coronary complications, including cancer and bronchitis 31 . Therefore, in order to protect cigarette smokers and non‐smokers, it should be mandatory for tobacco companies and importers of tobacco products to declare the PM emissions in mainstream and second‐hand smoke of all tobacco products to the government and public authorities 32 . Figure 7 presents a summary of the particulate size distribution in the respiratory airway and their etiological impact on other biological organs 25 …”

“…31 Therefore, in order to protect cigarette smokers and non-smokers, it should be mandatory for tobacco companies and importers of tobacco products to declare the PM emissions in mainstream and second-hand smoke of all tobacco products to the government and public authorities. 32 Figure 7 presents a summary of the particulate size distribution in the respiratory airway and their etiological impact on other biological organs. 25 Respirable cigarette smoke particulates with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5-10 μm and fine particles smaller than 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter are considered toxic and pose serious etiological risks.…”