High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of enrofloxacin and its primary metabolite ciprofloxacin in canine serum and prostatic tissue

Tyczkowska, Krystyna; Hedeen, Kevin M.; AuCoin, David P.; Aronson, Arthur L.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)82739-5

Cited by 93 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were detected by a photometric ultraviolet (UV)-visible detector set at 278.6 nm and confirmed by a photodiode array detector operating from 230 to 360 nm. The limits of detection for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 4 and 2 ng/mL, respectively 67 . A rapid, accurate, and sensitive method has been developed for the quantitative determination of ciprofloxacin, with high in vitro activity against a wide range of Gramnegative and Gram-positive organisms.…”

Section: Analytical Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ciprofloxacin: review on developments in synthetic, analytical, and medicinal aspects

Sharma

Jain

et al. 2010

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

251

130

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Section: Analytical Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ciprofloxacin: review on developments in synthetic, analytical, and medicinal aspects

Sharma

Jain

et al. 2010

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

251

130

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“…Its action takes place via the inhibition of the A subunit of the bacterial DNA gyrase, an essential enzyme for DNA replication and synthesis (5). In addition, CIP is reported to be the main metabolite of enrofloxacin, another antibacterial quinolone used in veterinary medicine (22). Although most of the pharmacokinetic work with this drug has been focused on humans (6,9,10,16), some studies have also been carried out on animals, such as rats, monkeys (20,21), rabbits (2,3), pigs, calves (14), horses (28), fish (13), and dogs (1,26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in sheep after single intravenous or intramuscular administration

Muñoz

Llovería

Santos

et al. 1996

Veterinary Quarterly

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SUMMARYThe disposition and urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin (CIP) following intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) administration of 7.5 mg/kg body weight in sheep (n = 5) was studied. The intravenous plasma concentration The urinary data showed a significant decrease in the elimination rate constant of CIP when CIP was administered intramuscularly. The other parameters calculated did not display differences between the two routes of administration. The results obtained suggest that when CIP was administered by the IM route in the assayed dose, it was able to maintain serum concentrations above the MIC of most common pathogens over an 8-hour period.

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“…1 In this work, two important fluoroquinolones, namely enrofloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolonecarboxylic acid) and ciprofloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-7-(1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid), were investigated and quantitatively analyzed by voltammetric methods. In several animal species, including pigs, enrofloxacin (ENRO) is de-ethylated to its primary metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), 2 and both ENRO and CIPRO are found in the bile and urine of animals receiving ENRO. 3 Several analytical techniques have been used for the determination of ENRO and CIPRO (Table 1), including liquid chromatography, [4][5][6][7] capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection, 8 and molecularly imprinted matrix solid-phase dispersion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Urine and Plasma Using Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode by Least-Squares Support Vector Machines

et al. 2010

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803Fluoroquinolones are a class of synthetic antibacterial agents, which are known for their broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. These compounds are derived from nalidixic acid and naphthyridine derivatives, which have been introduced for clinical applications in the livestock and farming industries.1 In this work, two important fluoroquinolones, namely enrofloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-7-(4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolonecarboxylic acid) and ciprofloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-7-(1-piperazinyl)-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid), were investigated and quantitatively analyzed by voltammetric methods. In several animal species, including pigs, enrofloxacin (ENRO) is de-ethylated to its primary metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), 2 and both ENRO and CIPRO are found in the bile and urine of animals receiving ENRO. Electrochemical methods, such as polarography and voltammetry, have high sensitivity and are widely used in many areas of analytical chemistry.Recently, cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetry on a static mercury drop electrode and principal-component regression have been applied for the determination of ENRO in the presence of CIPRO 10 at trace levels. However, the linear dynamic range of the method is too narrow, and the toxicity of mercury (as an electrode) has caused its application in routine laboratories to decline. At more negative potentials, many biological compounds are adsorbed on the surface of the Hg-electrode, diminishing the selectivity of the method. 10 On the other hand, simultaneous voltammetric determinations of ENRO and CIPRO have not been reported, since ENRO affects the oxidation potential of CIPRO and vice versa. Therefore, the direct determination of CIPRO in the presence of ENRO is not possible by univariate calibration methods.In this work, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) used for the first time with a multiwall carbon nanotubes/glassy carbon electrode (MWCNT/GCE) provides a sensitive method for the determination of ENRO or CIPRO in the presence of the other without any pretreatment or separation. When MWCNT/GCE is used as a working electrode in the voltammetric method, ENRO affects the oxidation potential of CIPRO, whereas CIPRO does not affect that of ENRO. Because it was possible to measure ENRO without any interfering effect of CIPRO, a least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) model was constructed in this study to relate a CIPRO voltammogram to its concentration. The model predicts CIPRO concentration in both spiked human plasma and pharmaceutical samples. The proposed methodology is fast and simple, while it does not generate hazardous chemical wastes. Theory of Least Square Support Vector RegressionSupport vector machines (SVMs) based on statistical learning theory were introduced by Cortes and Vapnik.11 LS-SVMs are an alternate formulation of SVM described by Suykens et al. 12 Here, we only briefly describe the theory of LS-SVM. Linear least-squares models fit a linear relation between the spectrum xi and the reference va...

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High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of enrofloxacin and its primary metabolite ciprofloxacin in canine serum and prostatic tissue

Cited by 93 publications

References 11 publications

Ciprofloxacin: review on developments in synthetic, analytical, and medicinal aspects

Ciprofloxacin: review on developments in synthetic, analytical, and medicinal aspects

Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in sheep after single intravenous or intramuscular administration

Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Urine and Plasma Using Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode by Least-Squares Support Vector Machines

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