High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of rubber allergens in protective gloves used in health care

Bergendorff, Ola; Persson, Christina; Hansson, Christer

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2006.00912.x

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on HCWs in which a survey of the contact allergens that are actually present in work materials has been performed. No thiurams were detected by chemical analysis, which is in line with previous reports . However, participants sometimes also reported the occupational use of gloves, disinfectants or moisturizers other than those procured.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…For hand disinfectants, information was supplied by the manufacturers. All rubber gloves were analysed for rubber additives with high‐performance liquid chromatography, as previously described . Inclusion of rubber additives was based on previous and present analyses at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology (DOED), Malmö, as well as on literature data .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glove‐related rubber allergens, preservatives and fragrances are the most commonly reported contact allergens causing occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) in HCWs . Thiurams are rarely found in medical gloves, whereas dithiocarbamates are common . However, thiurams remain among the most common rubber contact allergens found in HCWs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hand eczema and occupational contact allergies in healthcare workers with a focus on rubber additives

et al. 2018

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hand eczema and occupational contact allergies in healthcare workers with a focus on rubber additives

et al. 2018

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“…Quantitative analyses of TCMTB were performed with a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method suitable for identifying allergens in rubber items, as 2‐mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and other chemically related benzothiazole derivatives are easily analysed in this system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The preservative 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole: A potential allergen in leather products

et al. 2019

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Background Allergic contact dermatitis caused by leather is common, and several responsible allergens, such as tanning agents, glues, mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives, and dyes, but also antimicrobials and antifungals, are involved. Material and methods Three female patients were referred to the Departments of Dermatology in a Belgian university hospital following skin reactions caused by leather products (shoes, belt, and car seats). They were patch tested with the European baseline series and samples of suspected leather products, and additionally with 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB), an antifungal agent previously reported to be a contact allergen in footwear. Chromatographic analyses of samples of all the leather materials tested were performed at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology in Malmö, Sweden. Results The patients reacting to the leather samples were shown to be sensitized to TCMTB, the presence of which could be confirmed by chemical analyses of samples obtained from the patients. Conclusion Patch tests with TCMTB should be considered in patients with contact dermatitis caused by leather items.

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“…Comparison of retention time and the UV spectrum with a reference sample of acetophenone azine established the identification of the peak eluting at ∼20 min. The spectrum had a characteristic shape that was very different from those of other known rubber additives normally screened with this HPLC method . No other peaks in the chromatograms could be identified.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Acetophenone azine: a new allergen responsible for severe contact dermatitis from shin pads

et al. 2016

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SummaryBackground. Contact dermatitis resulting from the use of shin pads is usually caused by rubber components, dyes, benzoyl peroxide, or formaldehyde resins. Objectives. To investigate and identify a new allergen in shin pads that was responsible for severe contact dermatitis in a young football player. Methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of samples of shin pads was performed. The boy was patch tested with pieces of shin pads and with acetophenone azine, a chemical substance identified by HPLC in the foam of the shin pads. Results. HPLC identified acetophenone azine at concentrations of approximately 20 μg/g of shin pad samples. Patch tests gave strongly positive reactions to pieces of shin pads and to acetophenone azine down to 0.001% in acetone, whereas acetophenone and hydrazine sulfate were both negative. Twenty controls were negative for acetophenone azine 0.01% in acetone. Conclusions. Acetophenone azine is a new, strong allergen of shin pads, and more generally of other sport equipment based on ethylene vinyl acetate. It may be used as a biocide, but this has to be confirmed. Further investigations are needed to understand factors such as exposure, cross-reaction patterns, metabolism, and the optimal patch test preparation.

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High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of rubber allergens in protective gloves used in health care

Cited by 43 publications

References 12 publications

Hand eczema and occupational contact allergies in healthcare workers with a focus on rubber additives

Hand eczema and occupational contact allergies in healthcare workers with a focus on rubber additives

The preservative 2‐(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole: A potential allergen in leather products

Acetophenone azine: a new allergen responsible for severe contact dermatitis from shin pads

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