High performance perovskite solar cells by hybrid chemical vapor deposition

Abstract

Organometal halide based perovskites are promising materials for solar cell applications and are rapidly developing with current devices reaching $19% efficiency. In this work we introduce a new method of perovskite synthesis by hybrid chemical vapor deposition (HCVD), and demonstrate efficiencies as high as 11.8%. These cells were found to be stable with time, and retained almost the same efficiency after approximately 1100 h storage in dry N 2 gas. This method is particularly attractive because of its ability to scale up to industrial levels and the ability to precisely control gas flow rate, temperature, and pressure with high reproducibility. This is the first demonstration of a perovskite solar cell using chemical vapor deposition and there is likely still room for significant optimization in efficiency.

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

“…The quality of film was determined by optimizing the evaporation time. Leyden et al 81,82,87,88 reported the fabrication of perovskite solar cells and modules using co-evaporation methods in a number of works. Both precursors, PbCl 2 and FAI for example, were placed on individual evaporation cells inside a vacuum chamber and a controlled evaporation was carried out.…”

Critical analysis of stability and performance of organometal halide perovskite solar cells via various fabrication method (Review)

“…The PCE about 11.8% obtained by using hybrid CVD and the same efficiency demonstrated although after 1100 hour the device stored in dark and dry N 2 gas condition [26]. Preparation of perovskite film using vapor-based deposition technique is one of the promising approaches that gives an advantage for fabrication of large scale perovskite module fabrication and able to prevent fast reaction rate.…”

“…A film of Spiro-MeOTAD is the hole transport layer (HTL) that spun onto the surface of perovskite followed by deposition via evaporation of top electrode with gold. By using hybrid CVD, the perovskite solar cells showed a stability higher to 11.8% which can encourage further study in the stability of perovskite especially under ambient conditions [26].…”

“…The full solar cell structure of each layer fabricated in HCVD furnace. Overall layer of solar cell; (i) FTO layer, (ii) ETL, (iii) perovskite layer (iii) HTL and (iv) metal contact [26]. Fig.4 (a) illustrated one example of HCVD deposition process that used PbCI 2 and MAI.…”

Transamidation of dimethylformamide during alkylammonium lead triiodide film formation for perovskite solar cells

“…26 Perovskite films were prepared by depositing a 100 nm layer of lead chloride onto substrates by thermal evaporation (at 2.0 Â 10 À2 Pa, approximately 0.1-0.4 Å/s, using PbCl 2 powder). Substrates predeposited with PbCl 2 were loaded into a 2-zone CVD furnace, where the first zone was loaded with ;1 g of solid FAI powder and the second zone with substrates.…”