High‐Performance Photorefractive Composite Based on Non‐conjugated Main‐Chain, Hole‐Transporting Polymer

Moon, In Kyu; Choi, Jongwan; Kim, Nakjoong

doi:10.1002/macp.201200638

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Here it is noted that 0.1 wt% PBI gives an optimized operating performance to give the maximum level in a balanced manner in this system, although typical sensitizers: fluorenones, fullerenes, and graphenes commonly give their optimized performance at the concentration approximately around 1 wt%. In PCBM sensitizer case, the sensitivity has maximum peak around 0.5 wt% of PCBM concentration …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Photorefractivity of Perylene Bisimide‐Sensitized Poly(4‐(diphenylamino)benzyl acrylate)

Nguyen

Giang

Kinashi

et al. 2015

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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A perylene bisimide derivative of N,N′‐diisopropylphenyl‐1,6,7,12‐tetrachloroperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxyl bisimide (PBI) is synthesized and used as a sensitizer for a photorefractive (PR) polymer composite. Small amount (0.1 wt%) of PBI sensitizer gives the maximum PR performance of composite based on poly(4‐(diphenylamino)benzyl acrylate) (PDAA) (45 wt%), 2‐(4‐(azepan‐1‐yl)benzylidene)malononitrile (35 wt%), and (4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)methanol (24.9 wt%). High external diffraction efficiency of 49%, response time of 47 ms, and sensitivity of 28 cm2 J−1 are obtained under an applied electric field of 40 V μm−1 at writing beam of 532 nm. PBI sensitizer effectively forms a charge‐transfer complex with PDAA, which favors the generation of the charge carriers followed by the space‐charge formation. Furthermore, low PBI concentration contributes to low absorption coefficient at 532 nm, which leads to better PR performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Photorefractivity of Perylene Bisimide‐Sensitized Poly(4‐(diphenylamino)benzyl acrylate)

Nguyen

Giang

Kinashi

et al. 2015

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Under the same measurement conditions, a common NLO chromophore, PDCST-based composite with the component of PDCST/PVK/ECz/PCBM=30:54:15:1(wt.%) had a Γ value of 26.8 cm -1 . [53,54] Fig. 6c shows the Γ values of CRA-CSN, CRA-CSNx-Cz(100-x) (x=25, 50, and 75) and Cz-CSN-OH composite films.…”

Section: Photorefractive Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photorefractive hyper-structured molecular glasses constructed by calix[4]resorcinarene core and carbazole-based methine nonlinear optical chromophore

Fang(

et al. 2017

Dyes and Pigments

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Seven C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CRA)-based photorefractive (PR) hyper-structured molecular glasses (HSMGs) containing carbazole-based methine nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores were designed and synthesized via esterification between carboxyl-containing asymmetric CRA core molecule and hydroxyl-containing functional compounds. When the feed ratio of hydroxyl-containing NLO functional compounds to carboxyl groups of CRA-COOH was kept at 1.5/1 by mole, the degree of introduction of NLO chromophore to the CRA core was above 70%. All the HSMGs show low glass transition temperatures (Tg), and good solubility in common low boiling point solvents such as THF, CHCl3, etc. Powder XRD and UV-vis absorption in films of HSMGs indicate that the aggregation, packing and crystallization of the NLO chromophores in these HSMGs had been effectively reduced. Doping with Nethyl-carbazole (ECz) as a plasticizer and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a photosensitizer, all the HSMGs composites showed good PR effects. All the coupling gain coefficients (Γ) of HSMGs-based composites are about twice to the corresponding small molecular NLO chromophores-based composites, thanks to the decreased NLO chromophores antiparallel packing caused by the asymmetric CRA core. Among them, CRA-CSN/ECz/PCBM (69:30:1, wt.%) composite exhibited the best performance with the Γ value of 78.2 cm-1 at the external electric field of 12.5 V μm-1 , which is one of the best performance in molecular glasses under the same test conditions. Coupled with their convenient synthesis, this work will provide a new simple design strategy for organic PR materials.

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“…Typical PR quantities for different types of PR polymer composites in the literature are summarized in Table 1. 39,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Usually, diffraction efficiencies and response times have electric field and wavelength dependencies. Furthermore, glass transition temperatures (T g ) also affect these quantities.…”

Section: Pr Phenomena and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Tsutsumi

2016

Polym J

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This review article describes the current state-of-the-art research on organic photorefractive polymer composites. A historical background on photorefractive materials is first introduced and is followed by a discussion on the opto-physical aspects and the mechanism of photorefractivity. The molecular design of photorefractive polymers and organic compounds is discussed, followed by a discussion on optical applications of the photorefractive polymers. Polymer Journal (2016) 48, 571-588; doi:10.1038/pj.2015.131; published online 27 January 2016 BACKGROUND In this report, the molecular design of organic photorefractive (PR) polymers is reviewed. Organic PR polymers are materials that possess both electro-optical and photoconductive properties. Research on photoconductive polymers, whose pioneering polymer is poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK, PVCz), began in the 1960s. From the 1980s, research on organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been widely conducted in the fields of organic electro-optics and optical nonlinearity. From the 1990s, new technology using organic photorefractivity combined with photoconductive and electro-optical properties was introduced in the field of organic semiconducting materials, 1 and organic light-emitting diodes 2-6 and organic fieldeffect transistors 7 were also debuted in this field. At the same time, the interest of researchers also turned toward the development of organic photovoltaic cells and organic solar cells. [8][9][10][11] The transport of charge carriers through photoconductive manifolds is a common phenomenon found in PR, organic light-emitting diode or organic photovoltaic materials. Thus, the development of materials in each field is expected to merge together to trigger the development of novel materials.The PR effect is a well-known phenomenon that is observed in materials in which refractive index modulation is induced by the space-charge field that results from the redistribution of positive and negative charge carriers separated through photo-excitation. 12 This phenomenon was first reported in inorganic crystals of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ) and was observed through heterogeneous optically induced refractive indices in 1966. 13 Since then, the PR effect has extensively been investigated in many inorganic crystals, and theoretical approaches have been established to explain this phenomenon. 14 In 1991, 1 the first study of PR polymers reported a low diffraction efficiency of 10 −3 to 1% and a small optical gain of 0.33 cm À1 . In 1994, 15 a high diffraction efficiency of 86% (the remaining 14% was attributed to optical losses) and a large optical gain exceeding 200 cm À1 was reported in photoconductive PVK-based PR composites. Over the past two decades, many featured review articles [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and book

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High‐Performance Photorefractive Composite Based on Non‐conjugated Main‐Chain, Hole‐Transporting Polymer

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Photorefractivity of Perylene Bisimide‐Sensitized Poly(4‐(diphenylamino)benzyl acrylate)

Photorefractivity of Perylene Bisimide‐Sensitized Poly(4‐(diphenylamino)benzyl acrylate)

Photorefractive hyper-structured molecular glasses constructed by calix[4]resorcinarene core and carbazole-based methine nonlinear optical chromophore

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

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