High-Performance UV–Vis Photodetectors Based on a Lead-Free Hybrid Perovskite Crystal (MV)[SbI₃Cl₂]

Abstract

Low-dimensional lead-free organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have gained increasing attention as having low toxicity, ease of processing, and good optoelectronic properties. Seeking for lead-free and narrow band gap organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites are of great importance for the development and application of photoelectric materials. Here, we reported a Sb-based organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (MV)­[SbI3Cl2], which has one-dimensional inorganic frameworks of the I-sharing double octahedra. (MV)­[SbI3Cl2] shows a narrow direct band gap of 1.5 eV, and displays obvious photoresponse for the 532 nm light with rapid response speed of t rise = 0.69 s, t decay = 0.28 s. With an illumination power of 5 mW and a 50 V bias, the responsivities (R) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) for (MV)­[SbI3Cl2] photodetector under 532 nm laser are 29.75 mA/W and 6.69% respectively. This Sb-based halide double perovskite material will provide an alternative material for photodetector devices.

Progress of Lead‐Free Halide Perovskites: From Material Synthesis to Photodetector Application

“…Moreover, the corresponding radiative (2.9 × 10 –9 cm 3 s –1 ) and Auger recombination rate constants (8.8 × 10 –28 cm 6 s –1 ) were similar to those of Pb‐based perovskites, indicating the good capability of monocrystalline Cs 3 Sb 2 Br 9 nanoflakes for efficient optoelectronic applications. Finally, the optimal Cs 3 Sb 2 Br 9 ‐based photodetector realized a high responsivity of 3.8 A W –1 , a large detectivity of 2.6 × 10 12 Jones, and a fast response speed of 24/48 ms. Liu and co‐workers synthesized 1‐D centrosymmetric structured (MV)[SbI 3 Cl 2 ] (MV was labeled by methyl viologen) crystals via a solvothermal method, [ 96 ] in which HI, HCl, MeOH, 4,4′‐bipyridine, and SbCl 3 were mixed and heated at 175 °C for 15 h, cooled to room temperature and collected by filtration. When applied as a photodetector, a large detectivity of 10 11 Jones was obtained.…”

Two‐Dimensional Antimony‐Based Perovskite‐Inspired Materials for High‐Performance Self‐Powered Photodetectors

“…Other antimony-and bismuth-based PIMs whose absorption range covers the visible spectrum include CsBi 3 I 10 , whose structural dimensionality is intermediate between 0D and 2D (0D/2D), [37] as well as 1D materials featuring chains of cornersharing [MX 6 ] 3− octahedra separated by organic cations. [38,39] While 2D A 3 Sb 2 X 9 compounds feature the highest dimensionality among all the antimony-based PIMs, only lower-dimensional (<2D) antimony-based PIMs have thus far been investigated for visible-light photodetection. [38,40] This reflects the fact that research on 2D A 3 M 2 X 9 absorbers is still in its nascent stage, since low-temperature, solution-based strategies to deposit such materials have only been demonstrated recently.…”

“…[38,39] While 2D A 3 Sb 2 X 9 compounds feature the highest dimensionality among all the antimony-based PIMs, only lower-dimensional (<2D) antimony-based PIMs have thus far been investigated for visible-light photodetection. [38,40] This reflects the fact that research on 2D A 3 M 2 X 9 absorbers is still in its nascent stage, since low-temperature, solution-based strategies to deposit such materials have only been demonstrated recently. [35,41] Indeed, the general focus on 0D A 3 M 2 X 9 absorbers can be traced to the fact that typical A 3 M 2 X 9 compositions and processing conditions for visible-light photodetection lead to a 0D structure.…”

“…[48][49][50] 0D/2D bismuth-based PIMs have also delivered comparatively low EQEs in self-powered mode. [51,52] Therefore, it is not surprising that most photodetector studies to date featuring antimony-and bismuthbased PIMs have resorted to operation with an applied bias voltage, [38][39][40][44][45][46][47][53][54][55][56][57][58] as that can generally mitigate the effects of an inefficient photoconversion process.…”

“…In addition to a large photoconversion efficiency, real-world applications require photodetectors to deliver a photoresponse that is linear with optical power. Interestingly, most photodetectors comprising antimony-and bismuth-based PIMs have revealed a strongly sublinear photoresponse to date, [38][39][40]46,47,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]59] which suggests the presence of broad, non-uniform distributions of defect levels within the forbidden gap. [60][61][62] Among the very few implementations exhibiting a linear behavior, those operated in self-power mode could maintain their linearity over an optical power range narrower than three orders of magnitude (i.e., appreciably narrower than lead-halide perovskite photodetectors).…”