High power density of reverse electrodialysis with pore-filling ion exchange membranes and a high-open-area spacer

Abstract

In the present study, a novel reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack with ultrathin lab-made pore-filling membranes and a high-open-area spacer was proposed to enhance the gross power density.

Reinforced anion exchange membrane based on thermal cross-linking method with outstanding cell performance for reverse electrodialysis

“…S3 †). The tensile strength (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43) and elongation at break (7-13%) of all the fabricated membranes were higher than those of AMV under 50% relative humidity (R.H.) conditions, which should originate not only from the polymer main chain structure, but also the physical properties of the supporting PE membrane. The tensile strength increased with an increase in the degree of cross-linking ( Table 2).…”

“…Aer quaternization, a broad band around 3400 cm À1 corresponding to the OH vibration peak of water bound to quaternary ammonium cations was observed in the spectrum of PErC(100x 0 /x)QPS-QPPO, indicating successful fabrication of the PErC(100x 0 /x) QPS-QPPO membranes. 35,36 The morphologies of the prepared PErC(100x 0 /x)QPS-QPPO membranes were studied by SEM. The surface and crosssectional images were similar for all of the fabricated PErC(100x 0 /x)QPS-QPPO membranes.…”

“…The low OCV values at low ow rates resulted from the concentration polarization in the vicinity of the membrane surface, caused by less efficient solution mixing. 35,[38][39][40] Moreover, the cations and anions have longer residence times in each compartment cell at lower ow rates, which gives rise to a decrease in the salt concentration gradient between the two saline streams owing along the respective channels. Compared to the theoretical value, the experimental OCVs of the two stacks with the PErC(5)QPS-QPPO and AMV membranes were 75.4-78.7% and 76.6-81.5%, respectively.…”

Robust open cellular porous polymer monoliths made from cured colloidal gels of latex particles

“…Alternatively, TMVBAC, which can also stabilize latexes prepared with V-50, 57 is currently readily available for purchase from the Sigma-Aldrich catalogue. [94][95][96] Particles of considerably larger size were synthesised without ionic co-monomer under semi-batch conditions 57 in a similar procedure to that above, except the continuous phase consisted of H 2 O (109.2 g) and MeOH (43.2 g), the initiator solution contained 0.3640 g of V-50 dissolved in 2 g of deoxygenated H 2 O. Styrene (18.2 g), which had been purged with N 2 , was added at a rate of 5 mL h −1 over a period of 4 h using a syringe pump. The MeOH was then removed by dialysing the latex against H 2 O for 1 week, replacing the water twice daily.…”

Harnessing ‘Blue energy’: A Review on Techniques and Preliminary Analysis

“…In [14], besides evaluating performance of commercially available membrane, they had tested a tailor made membrane with significant reduction in resistance and achieved 1.3 W/m 2 . More recent type of membrane was reported such as pore-filling ion exchange membranes with open area spacer that achieved 2.4 w/m 2 [15], asymmetric heterogeneous membrane [16] which can be applied in nanofluidic application and membrane with chevron corrugation that reduce the pressure drop is able to produce up to 0.89w/m 2 . Works on modelling and simulation of RED process including the cell pair model based on thermodynamic and transport equation was proposed by Veerman [17].…”