High-pressure phase equilibrium data for systems with carbon dioxide, α-humulene and trans-caryophyllene

Phase behaviour of binary systems of lactones in carbon dioxide

“…The experimental apparatus and procedure have been used in a variety of studies [17][18][19][20]. Briefly, the experimental set-up consists of a variable-volume view cell, with a maximum internal volume of 0.027 dm À3 , with two sapphire windows for visual observation, an absolute pressure transducer (Smar LD 301), with a precision of ±0.03 MPa, a portable programmer (Smar, HT 201) for the pressure data acquisition and a syringe pump (ISCO 260D).…”

“…The estimation of the binary interaction parameters, k ij and l ij , was carried out by minimizing a least square objective function of experimental and calculated pressures using the Simulated Annealing method [22] and a routine for phase equilibrium calculations [23]; such strategy was successfully employed in a recent work [20]. The characteristic parameters for CO 2 were taken from the literature [24], while for the lactones, critical temperature and critical pressure values were estimated through the Constantinou and Gani [25] group contribution method and the acentric factor by its definition using recent experimental vapour pressure reported in the literature [26].…”

Phase equilibrium measurements of ternary systems formed by linoleic and linolenic acids in carbon dioxide/ethanol mixtures

“…The experimental apparatus and procedure have been used in a variety of studies [15,[24][25][26] and was extensively validated [27][28][29][30]. Briefly, the experimental set-up consists of a variable-volume view cell, with a maximum internal volume of 27 cm 3 , with two sapphire windows for visual observation, an absolute pressure transducer (LD 301, Smar, Sertãozinho/SP/Brazil), with a precision of ±0.03 MPa, a portable programmemer (HT 201, Smar, Sertãozinho/SP/Brazil) for the pressure data acqui- sition and a syringe pump (260 D, ISCO, Lincon/NE/E.U.A).…”

“…Due to the sensibility of polyunsaturated fatty acids to thermal and chemical degradation, attention has been dedicated to the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method [14]. The SFE is a selective extraction technique and a single step process to obtain natural extracts or essential oils [15]. Another advantage of the use of this technology instead of steam distillation and organic solvent extraction for example is the easy separation of the solvent from solute (extracted material) stream, resulting in a solvent free product.…”

Phase behaviour of heavy petroleum fractions in pure propane and n-butane and with methanol as co-solvent

“…The experimental apparatus and procedure have been reported in a variety of studies [19][20][21][22]. Briefly, the experimental set-up consists of a variable-volume view cell, with a maximum internal volume of 27 cm 3 , with two sapphire windows for visual observation and image recording, an absolute pressure transducer (Smar LD 301), with a precision of ±0.03 MPa, a portable programmer (Smar, HT 201) for the pressure data acquisition and a syringe pump (ISCO 260D).…”