High Prevalence and Persistence of Escherichia coli Strains Producing Shiga Toxin Subtype 2k in Goat Herds

Yang, Xi; Liu, Qian; Bai, Xiangning; Hu, Bin; Jiang, Deshui; Jiao, Hongbo; Lu, Liangmei; Fan, Ruyue; Hou, Peibin; Matussek, Andreas; Xiong, Yanwen

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01571-22

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The genome assemblies of all STEC isolates were subjected to our whole genome analysis pipelines to characterize the genomic features including serotypes, stx subtypes, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes as recently described ( Bai et al, 2021 ; Yang et al, 2022 ; Yang et al, 2021 ). Briefly, the EcOH database ( https://github.com/katholt/srst2/blob/master/data/EcOH.fasta ), VFDB database ( http://www.mgc.ac.cn/VFs/main.htm ), and Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) ( https://card.mcmaster.ca ), were used to determine the serotypes, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes, respectively, using ABRicate version 1.0.1 ( https://github.com/tseemann/abricate ) with default parameters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence and pathogenic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in raw mutton and beef in Shandong, China

Yang

Liu

et al. 2022

Current Research in Food Science

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence and pathogenic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in raw mutton and beef in Shandong, China

Yang

Liu

et al. 2022

Current Research in Food Science

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“…There are reports of the emergence of hybrid strains carrying both STEC and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) virulence factors [113]. These hybrids, along with stx2k, have heat-labile toxins (elt), making their pathogenic potential severe [112,113]. In this section, we expand on various causes for emergence of new and hypervirulent serotypes.…”

Section: Emerging Stec Serotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feed used for raising poultry was found to be spiked with various STEC serotypes, such as O26, O103, O111, O121, O145, O157:H7, and several untypeable serotypes [111], showing potential STEC outbreak potential from poultry farms. Livestock such as goats carry serogroups such as O93 with a newer variant of stx-stx2k-which has increased in prevalence over time [112]. Although results are not clear on the severity of the stx2k toxin on humans, it could still cause disease outbreaks in the future due to homology with other stx genes [113,114].…”

Section: Serotypes Of Stec Prevalent In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli in Farm and Wild Ruminants

Ray

Singh

2022

Pathogens

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Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen that causes human gastrointestinal infections across the globe, leading to kidney failure or even death in severe cases. E. coli are commensal members of humans and animals’ (cattle, bison, and pigs) guts, however, may acquire Shiga-toxin-encoded phages. This acquisition or colonization by STEC may lead to dysbiosis in the intestinal microbial community of the host. Wildlife and livestock animals can be asymptomatically colonized by STEC, leading to pathogen shedding and transmission. Furthermore, there has been a steady uptick in new STEC variants representing various serotypes. These, along with hybrids of other pathogenic E. coli (UPEC and ExPEC), are of serious concern, especially when they possess enhanced antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, etc. Recent studies have reported these in the livestock and food industry with minimal focus on wildlife. Disturbed natural habitats and changing climates are increasingly creating wildlife reservoirs of these pathogens, leading to a rise in zoonotic infections. Therefore, this review comprehensively surveyed studies on STEC prevalence in livestock and wildlife hosts. We further present important microbial and environmental factors contributing to STEC spread as well as infections. Finally, we delve into potential strategies for limiting STEC shedding and transmission.

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“…The Stx prophage sequences were extracted from genomes and characterized using the previously described methods [66]. Briefly, the PHAge Search Tool Enhanced Release (PHASTER, http://phaster.ca/, accessed on 2 June 2023) was used to identify the Stx prophages.…”

Section: Genomic Characterization Of Stx-converting Prophagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Circulating in Asymptomatic Food Handlers

Sui,

Yang,

Luo

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide. Since the infection can be asymptomatic, the circulation of STEC in some asymptomatic carriers, especially in healthy-food-related professionals, is not yet well understood. In this study, a total of 3987 anal swab samples from asymptomatic food handlers were collected, and ten swabs recovered STEC strains (0.251%). Of the ten STEC isolates, seven serotypes and eight sequence types (ST) were determined using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Two stx1 subtypes (stx1a and stx1c) and four stx2 subtypes (stx2a, stx2b, stx2d, and stx2e) were detected. Seven different insertion sites were found in fourteen Stx prophages, and the dmsB and yfhL were the newly identified insertion sites. The ten strains showed the variable Stx transcription levels after the mitomycin C induction. The whole-genome phylogeny indicated that the strains from the asymptomatic food handlers were genetically distant from the strains of HUS patients. The STEC isolates circulating in asymptomatic carriers might pose a low potential to cause disease.

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High Prevalence and Persistence of Escherichia coli Strains Producing Shiga Toxin Subtype 2k in Goat Herds

Abstract: Strains of the recently reported Stx2k-STEC have been circulating in a variety of sources over time in China. Here, we show a high prevalence of Stx2k-STEC in goat herds.

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

High prevalence and pathogenic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in raw mutton and beef in Shandong, China

High prevalence and pathogenic potential of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in raw mutton and beef in Shandong, China

Prevalence and Implications of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli in Farm and Wild Ruminants

Characteristics of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Circulating in Asymptomatic Food Handlers

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