High prevalence of asthma in cross country skiers.

Larsson, Kjell; Ohlsén, P; Larsson, Lars; Malmberg, Per; Rydstrom, Per-Olov; Ulriksen, H

doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6915.1326

Cited by 260 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Asthma has a high prevalence in European countries, about 10-12% of the childhood population. The prevalence of EIA is also much higher in subjects who take part in sport at elevated workloads in cold environments: ice hockey players (21%) [33], cross country skiers (31%) [34], and figure skaters (55%) [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3‐Min step test and treadmill exercise for evaluating exercise-induced asthma

Tancredi¹,

Quattrucci²,

Scalercio³

et al. 2004

Eur Respir J

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A simple exercise test would be useful for detecting exercise-induced asthma, a common problem in asthmatic children. The current study compared the 3-min step test with treadmill exercise for evaluating exercise-induced asthma in asthmatic children and assessed whether responses to both tests are influenced by baseline lung function and habitual physical activity.A series of 154 asthmatic children (84 male children; mean age 12.9 ¡ 0.9 yrs) underwent a 3-min step-test and treadmill testing on different days within a week at least 24 h apart. Before both tests each subject did spirometry to obtain the baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). After both exercise challenges all subjects did serial spirometry and the lowest FEV1 recorded over time was used to calculate the fall in FEV1 expressed as a percentage of the measured pre-exercise (baseline) value (% fall in FEV1) and the area above the FEV1 curve (AAC 0-30 min ) expressed as a percentage of the pre-exercise value. Changes in both exercise variables were also analysed in percentile subgroups defined by questionnaire answers on habitual physical activity in hours.The mean % fall in FEV1 was significantly higher for treadmill exercise than for the step test (15.0¡7.5 versus 11.7¡5.9); and the AAC 0-30 min was larger for treadmill than for the step test (-261.6¡139.9% versus -197.3¡105.0% min). In all subgroups defined by habitual physical activity the mean % fall in FEV1 decreased more after treadmill exercise than after the step test. After step test and treadmill exercise no significant correlation was found between % fall in FEV1 and baseline lung function, or between % fall in FEV1 among groups defined by habitual physical activity.Although the 3-min step test yields a lower % fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and a lower value of the area above the FEV1 curve than treadmill testing, it is a quick, economical, reproducible and portable alternative procedure for identifying exercise-induced asthma in outpatients and epidemiological studies. Baseline lung function and habitual physical activity have no influence on the amount or duration of exercise-induced asthma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3‐Min step test and treadmill exercise for evaluating exercise-induced asthma

Tancredi¹,

Quattrucci²,

Scalercio³

et al. 2004

Eur Respir J

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“…Inhaling cold air provokes a number of respiratory symptoms including cough [9]and is regarded as a causative factor in the high prevalence of asthma seen in cross country skiers [10]. It has been proposed that cold air may directly sensitize 'cold' thermoreceptors [11].…”

Section: Clinical Features Of Coughmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are there clinical features of a sensitized cough reflex?

McGarvey

McKeagney²,

Polley

et al. 2009

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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Key words: sensory hyperresponsiveness, hyperreactivity, cough reflex, receptor AbstractCough reflex hypersensitization is a key feature in patients with troublesome cough. The clinical consequence of this hypersensitive state is typified by bouts of coughing often triggered by low threshold stimuli encountered by the patient during normal daily activities including exposure to aerosols, scents and odours, a change in air temperature and when talking or laughing. These features are often perceived by cough patients to be the most disruptive aspect of their condition and undoubtedly contribute to impaired quality of life.Patients with troublesome cough may describe a range of additional symptoms and sensations including an 'urge to cough' or the feeling of an 'itch' at the back of the throat, or a choking sensation and occasionally chest pain or breathlessness. It is uncertain if these features arise due to the processes responsible for cough reflex sensitisation or as a direct consequence of the underlying cough aetiology. In an attempt to understand the clinical features of a sensitized cough reflex, the spectrum of symptoms typically described by cough patients will be reviewed and possible underlying mechanisms considered. Since an intact cough reflex is crucial to airway protection, anti-tussive treatment that attenuates the hypersensitive cough state rather than abolishing the cough reflex completely would be preferable. Identifying such agents remains a clinical, scientific and pharmacological challenge.

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“…Asthma and allergy represent increasing problems for the actively competing athletes with increasing prevalence of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) reported especially among elite endurance athletes (1)(2)(3). EIA and EIB are the terms used to describe the transient narrowing of the airways that follows vigorous exercise.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise‐induced asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in elite athletes: epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis: Part I of the report from the Joint Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in cooperation with GA²LEN

Carlsen

Anderson

Bjermer³

et al. 2008

Allergy

293

269

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Aims: To analyze the changes in the prevalence of asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and allergies in elite athletes over the past years, to review the specific pathogenetic features of these conditions and to make recommendations for their diagnosis. Methods: The Task Force reviewed present literature by searching Medline up to November 2006 for relevant papers by the search words: asthma, bronchial responsiveness, EIB, athletes and sports. Sign criteria were used to assess level of evidence and grades of recommendation.Results: The problems of sports-related asthma and allergy are outlined. Epidemiological evidence for an increased prevalence of asthma and BHR among competitive athletes, especially in endurance sports, is provided. The mechanisms for development of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in athletes are outlined. Criteria are given for the diagnosis of asthma and exercise induced asthma in the athlete. Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness is markedly increased in athletes, especially within endurance sports. Environmental factors often contribute. Recommendations for the diagnosis of asthma in athletes are outlined.

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High prevalence of asthma in cross country skiers.

Cited by 260 publications

References 25 publications

3‐Min step test and treadmill exercise for evaluating exercise-induced asthma

3‐Min step test and treadmill exercise for evaluating exercise-induced asthma

Are there clinical features of a sensitized cough reflex?

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