High-Q biquadratic notch filter synthesis using nodal admittance matrix expansion

Synthesis of Cascadable DDCC-Based Universal Filter Using NAM

“…Step 2 corresponds to the adding of the equivalent circuit of voltage source in Figure 2 [19]. So, Matrix (5) becomes (6).…”

“…The correct form set of admittance terms includes a unique positive term on the primary diagonal realizing a grounded admittance and a group of four terms with two positive terms on the primary diagonal and two negative terms on the off-diagonal representing a floating admittance. Therefore, in the synthesized circuits, pairs of pathological elements with a common node can be realized by the proper type of CCIIs [19].…”

“…This matrix can be used as a starting matrix to find the circuit configuration with no input signals. Then, the equivalent circuit of an input voltage source as shown in Figure 2 can be injected to the obtained circuit represented by expanded NAM of (4) to obtain the voltage-mode filters [19]. To synthesize DDCC-grounded capacitor-based filters using NAM expansion, we firstly use the NAM stamps of CCIIs [15] to expand the starting matrix in (4).…”

“…The trans-impedance filter synthesis based on NAM expansion was reported in [17]. In [19], the synthesis of CCII-based voltage-mode high-Q biquadratic notch filter was reported recently.…”

“…This method, called nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion, is very useful to generate various novel circuits in a systematic way. Based on this method, various active networks such as filters, oscillators and gyrators employing OTA, CCII, BOCCII, DVCC and CCCCTA have been synthesized [16][17][18][19][20][21]. The circuit synthesis procedure proposed in [12] is suitable to synthesize discrete transfer functions with different circuit topologies.…”