High reactive sulphide chemically supported on silica surface to prepare functional nanoparticle

Novel Hybrid Biomass Anti-Aging Filler for Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Composites with Antioxidative and Reinforcing Properties

“…Figure 2 a illustrated the FTIR spectra of pristine silica, TP and silica-s-TP, respectively. The spectrum for silica in the presence of characteristic peaks at 3440 cm −1 and 1630 cm −1 are, respectively, owned to the hydroxyl group stretching for silanol hydroxyls and the hydroxyl group bending of absorbed water on silica surface [ 27 ]. As shown in the infrared spectrum of TP, the typical peaks at 3340 cm −1 and 1348 cm −1 are attributed to the free or intramolecular hydrogen-bonded stretching and bending, respectively.…”

“…Firstly, the composites were isothermal at −80 °C for 5 min, and followed by heating to 30 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min under a N 2 flow. Then, the experimental parameters were assigned to the heat capacity step ΔC pn and the weight fraction of the immobilized polymer layer χ im [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. ΔC pn and χ im were calculated as follows: where, ΔC p0 and ΔC p were the heat capacity jump at the glass transition region of unfilled and filled polymer composites [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Inorganic and Organic Hybrid Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Crosslinkers for Rubber Vulcanization with High-Filler Rubber Interaction

“…The Raman silica spectrum is a straight line without characteristic absorption peaks. The spectrum of silica-s-VA7 shows obvious vibration peaks at 153, 219, and 477 cm −1 , which are attributed to the –S– stretching vibration peak [13]. On the other hand, a characteristic absorption peak of the methylene group appeared at 2918 cm −1 , which was derived from the methylene group on the VA-7 molecular chain.…”

“…Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted under a nitrogen atmosphere with a TA Q5000 (TA Instruments, Inc., New Castle, PA, USA) at a heating rate of 20 °C/min from 30 to 700 °C. Experimental loading amount C A [13] of VA-7 was determined by the weight loss from the TGA and calculated with Equation (1):CA=(1−wsilica-s-VA7/wsilica)×100% where CA is the experimental loading amount of VA-7; wsilica-s-VA7 is the weight of VA-7-loaded silica at 700 °C; and wsilica is the weight of silica at 700 °C. The sulfur content of each silica-supported VA7 vulcanizators was carried out on a Vario EL cube ELEMENTAR elemental analyzer (Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Langenselbold, Germany).…”

“…The thickness of the samples was 1.0 mm. Crosslinking density was determined by equilibrium-swelling method as previously reported [10,13], and the vulcanized SBR composites, with a different vulcanizing agent, were made into the required shape (30 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm).…”