High‐resolution and high‐sensitivity PET for quantitative molecular imaging of the monoaminergic nuclei: A GATE simulation study

Wang, Zipai; Cao, Xinjie; LaBella, Andy; Zeng, Xinjie; Biegon, Anat; Franceschi, Dinko; Petersen, Eric; Clayton, Nicholas; Ulaner, Gary A.; Zhao, Wei; Goldan, Amir H.

doi:10.1002/mp.15653

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…We performed DOI rebinning in the list-mode to correct for the PE-caused spatial blurring. 34 In specific, for each coincidence event, we drew the LOR between the two photon interaction sites based on the continuous DOI information, and the event was re-assigned to the pair of crystals with their gamma photon entrance surface intersecting the LOR. 34,40 A cylinder phantom with 25.4 cm in diameter and 5 cm in axial, which covered the entire FOV of the prototype, was scanned to obtain the normalization data (∼200 million events).…”

Section: Image Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 In specific, for each coincidence event, we drew the LOR between the two photon interaction sites based on the continuous DOI information, and the event was re-assigned to the pair of crystals with their gamma photon entrance surface intersecting the LOR. 34,40 A cylinder phantom with 25.4 cm in diameter and 5 cm in axial, which covered the entire FOV of the prototype, was scanned to obtain the normalization data (∼200 million events). The DOI rebinning was performed to the normalization data and the rebinned events were sorted into a LOR map that records the number of counts of all the valid LORs.…”

Section: Image Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurements were performed at both 0 mm and onequarter axial FOV (i.e.,6.4 mm) from the axial center.The scanned time was 30 min and approximately 4.5 million coincidence counts were obtained at each position. List-mode coincidence events were rebinned to a virtual cylindrical scanner with 0.5 × 0.5 mm 2 virtual crystals, 34 and images of point sources were reconstructed using the filtered back projection 3D reprojection method (FBP3DRP) with 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5-mm 3 voxel size in Software for Tomographic Image Reconstruction (STIR). 45 The spatial resolution was reported as FWHM and FWTM of the point source response function in the radial, tangential, and axial directions.…”

Section: Reconstructed Image Spatial Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we have developed a one‐ring prototype TOF–DOI Prism‐PET brain scanner using a compact and conformal decagon geometry. We have previously simulated the performance of our high‐resolution Prism‐PET brain scanner and showed substantially more accurate delimitation and radiotracer uptake quantification of small brain structures such as the RN and LC when compared to the state‐of‐the‐art whole‐body Siemens Biograph Vision and total‐body EXPLORER PET scanners 34,35 . Here we experimentally characterize the scanner performance in terms of energy resolution, DOI resolution, spatial resolution, timing resolution, and sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…We have previously simulated the performance of our high-resolution Prism-PET brain scanner and showed substantially more accurate delimitation and radiotracer uptake quantification of small brain structures such as the RN and LC when compared to the state-of -theart whole-body Siemens Biograph Vision and total-body EXPLORER PET scanners. 34,35 Here we experimentally characterize the scanner performance in terms of energy resolution, DOI resolution, spatial resolution, timing resolution, and sensitivity. Finally, we evaluate the imaging performance of Prism-PET using ultra-micro Derenzo and customized three-dimensional (3D) Hoffman brain phantoms filled with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A conformal TOF–DOI Prism‐PET prototype scanner for high‐resolution quantitative neuroimaging

et al. 2023

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Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) has had a transformative impact on oncological and neurological applications. However, still much of PET's potential remains untapped with limitations primarily driven by low spatial resolution, which severely hampers accurate quantitative PET imaging via the partial volume effect (PVE). Purpose: We present experimental results of a practical and cost-effective ultra-high resolution brain-dedicated PET scanner, using our depth-encoding Prism-PET detectors arranged along a compact and conformal gantry, showing substantial reduction in PVE and accurate radiotracer uptake quantification in small regions. Methods: The decagon-shaped prototype scanner has a long diameter of 38.5 cm, a short diameter of 29.1 cm, and an axial field-of -view (FOV) of 25.5 mm with a single ring of 40 Prism-PET detector modules. Each module comprises a 16 × 16 array of 1.5 × 1.5 × 20-mm 3 lutetium yttrium oxyorthosillicate (LYSO) scintillator crystals coupled 4-to-1 to an 8 × 8 array of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels on one end and to a prismatoid light guide array on the opposite end. The scanner's performance was evaluated by measuring depth-of -interaction (DOI) resolution, energy resolution, timing resolution, spatial resolution, sensitivity, and image quality of ultra-micro Derenzo and three-dimensional (3D) Hoffman brain phantoms. Results:The full width at half maximum (FWHM) DOI, energy, and timing resolutions of the scanner are 2.85 mm, 12.6%, and 271 ps, respectively. Not considering artifacts due to mechanical misalignment of detector blocks, the intrinsic spatial resolution is 0.89-mm FWHM. Point source images reconstructed with 3D filtered back-projection (FBP) show an average spatial resolution of 1.53-mm FWHM across the entire FOV. The peak absolute sensitivity is 1.2% for an energy window of 400−650 keV. The ultra-micro Derenzo phantom study demonstrates the highest reported spatial resolution performance for a human brain PET scanner with perfect reconstruction of 1.00-mm diameter hot-rods. Reconstructed images of customized Hoffman brain phantoms prove that Prism-PET enables accurate radiotracer uptake quantification in small brain regions (2-3 mm).Xinjie Zeng and Zipai Wang contributed equally to this study.

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Section: Image Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reconstructed Image Spatial Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A conformal TOF–DOI Prism‐PET prototype scanner for high‐resolution quantitative neuroimaging

et al. 2023

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Qualitative and quantitative imaging of alpha‐emitting radiopharmaceuticals

Wang,

Lou,

Cao

et al. 2024

iRADIOLOGY

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Targeted alpha (α) therapy (TAT) is an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of targeted α‐therapy, the biodistribution and internal radiation dose of α‐emitting radionuclides should be determined. In vivo imaging of these radionuclides often involves the detection of gamma rays, X‐rays, and positrons generated during their complex decay processes. This review aims to classify the α‐emitting radionuclides (astatine‐211, actinium‐225, radium‐223, bismuth‐212, bismuth‐213, thorium‐227, and terbium‐149) according to their imageable signals. Additionally, this study summarizes various imaging modalities, including gamma camera imaging, single‐photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, Compton imaging, bremsstrahlung imaging, and Cerenkov luminescence imaging, which hold potential for imaging α‐emitting radionuclides, to explore their biomedical applications in qualitative nuclide tracing and diagnosis, quantifying pharmacokinetics, and assessing prognosis and response to therapy.

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Interleaved signal multiplexing readout in depth encoding Prism‐PET detectors

LaBella

Zeng

et al. 2023

Medical Physics

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Background Given the large number of readout pixels in clinical positron emission tomography (PET) scanners, signal multiplexing is an indispensable feature to reduce scanner complexity, power consumption, heat output, and cost. Purpose In this paper, we introduce interleaved multiplexing (iMux) scheme that utilizes the characteristic light‐sharing pattern of depth‐encoding Prism‐PET detector modules with single‐ended readout. Methods In the iMux readout, four anodes from every other silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels across rows and columns, which overlap with four distinct light guides, are connected to the same application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC) channel. The 4‐to‐1 coupled Prism‐PET detector module was used which consisted of a 16 × 16 array of 1.5 × 1.5 × 20 mm3 lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillator crystals coupled to an 8 × 8 array with 3 × 3 mm2 SiPM pixels. A deep learning‐based demultiplexing model was investigated to recover the encoded energy signals. Two different experiments were performed with non‐multiplexed and multiplexed readouts to evaluate the spatial, depth of interaction (DOI), and timing resolutions of our proposed iMux scheme. Results The measured flood histograms, using the decoded energy signals from our deep learning‐based demultiplexing architecture, achieved perfect crystal identification of events with negligible decoding error. The average energy, DOI, and timing resolutions were 9.6 ± 1.5%, 2.9 ± 0.9 mm, and 266 ± 19 ps for non‐multiplexed readout and 10.3 ± 1.6%, 2.8 ± 0.8 mm, and 311 ± 28 ps for multiplexed readout, respectively. Conclusions Our proposed iMux scheme improves on the already cost‐effective and high‐resolution Prism‐PET detector module and provides 16‐to‐1 crystal‐to‐readout multiplexing without appreciable performance degradation. Also, only four SiPM pixels are shorted together in the 8 × 8 array to achieve 4‐to‐1 pixel‐to‐readout multiplexing, resulting in lower capacitance per multiplexed channel.

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High‐resolution and high‐sensitivity PET for quantitative molecular imaging of the monoaminergic nuclei: A GATE simulation study

Cited by 16 publications

References 108 publications

A conformal TOF–DOI Prism‐PET prototype scanner for high‐resolution quantitative neuroimaging

A conformal TOF–DOI Prism‐PET prototype scanner for high‐resolution quantitative neuroimaging

Qualitative and quantitative imaging of alpha‐emitting radiopharmaceuticals

Interleaved signal multiplexing readout in depth encoding Prism‐PET detectors

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