SummaryBackground: Lipedema is a painful, genetically induced, abnormal deposition of subcutaneous fat in the extremities of women. The pathogenesis is unknown. Also unknown is the number of women affected in Germany. This study presents the epidemiology of the disease. There are currently two treatment options available: Complex physical decongestive therapy and liposuction. Liposuction is the only method that removes fat permanently. An additional study proves its effectiveness and highlights its vital role as part of a comprehensive treatment concept. Patients and methods: As part of the epidemiological research, all patients of a general practioner were examined for leg problems. The liposuction study included the preand postoperative examination of 85 patients, which was carried out using a questionnaire. Results: Lipedema were diagnosed in 5 % of all patients of the GP practice. In all 85 pa-