High-Resolution Multitransistor Array Recording of Electrical Field Potentials in Cultured Brain Slices

Hutzler, Michael; Lambacher, Armin; Eversmann, B.; Jenkner, M.; Thewes, R.; Fromherz, Peter

doi:10.1152/jn.00347.2006

Cited by 126 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The layer of TiO 2 /ZrO 2 was chosen for its high dielectric constant and its compatibility with the CMOS chip. It has been shown to be chemically stable and biocompatible with organotypic brain slices (Hutzler et al 2006). In addition, it had been shown previously that TiO 2 does not deteriorate during electrical stimulation and that it is chemically far more stable than an insulating layer of SiO 2 under similar culture conditions (Hutzler and Fromherz 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical stimulation of retinal neurons in epiretinal and subretinal configuration using a multicapacitor array

Eickenscheidt

Jenkner

Thewes

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

110

120

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Eickenscheidt M, Jenkner M, Thewes R, Fromherz P, Zeck G. Electrical stimulation of retinal neurons in epiretinal and subretinal configuration using a multicapacitor array. J Neurophysiol 107: 2742-2755, 2012. First published February 22, 2012 doi:10.1152/jn.00909.2011.-Electrical stimulation of retinal neurons offers the possibility of partial restoration of visual function. Challenges in neuroprosthetic applications are the long-term stability of the metal-based devices and the physiological activation of retinal circuitry. In this study, we demonstrate electrical stimulation of different classes of retinal neurons with a multicapacitor array. The array-insulated by an inert oxideallows for safe stimulation with monophasic anodal or cathodal current pulses of low amplitude. Ex vivo rabbit retinas were interfaced in either epiretinal or subretinal configuration to the multicapacitor array. The evoked activity was recorded from ganglion cells that respond to light increments by an extracellular tungsten electrode. First, a monophasic epiretinal cathodal or a subretinal anodal current pulse evokes a complex burst of action potentials in ganglion cells. The first action potential occurs within 1 ms and is attributed to direct stimulation. Within the next milliseconds additional spikes are evoked through bipolar cell or photoreceptor depolarization, as confirmed by pharmacological blockers. Second, monophasic epiretinal anodal or subretinal cathodal currents elicit spikes in ganglion cells by hyperpolarization of photoreceptor terminals. These stimuli mimic the photoreceptor response to light increments. Third, the stimulation symmetry between current polarities (anodal/cathodal) and retina-array configuration (epi/sub) is confirmed in an experiment in which stimuli presented at different positions reveal the center-surround organization of the ganglion cell. A simple biophysical model that relies on voltage changes of cell terminals in the transretinal electric field above the stimulation capacitor explains our results. This study provides a comprehensive guide for efficient stimulation of different retinal neuronal classes with low-amplitude capacitive currents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical stimulation of retinal neurons in epiretinal and subretinal configuration using a multicapacitor array

Eickenscheidt

Jenkner

Thewes

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

110

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Significant noise reduction compared to the first generation of the MTA chips [15][16][17] is achieved by redesigning the terminating and isolation circuitry for digital control signals, the reference generation and potentiostat, the power supplies, and the external amplifiers. Furthermore, a novel timing protocol for the readout allows an enhanced sampling rate for the full frame of 16,384 sensor transistors.…”

Section: Chipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem of high resolution in two dimensions was solved with a multi-transistor array (MTA) that was fabricated by an extended complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technology [15][16][17]. The array of 128 × 128 sensors had a pitch of 7.4 µm with the interconnect lines buried in the chip.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undefined free-floating MOSFET gate nodes and fixed pattern noise due to process mismatch were overcome by an autozeroing circuitry in each pixel. This MTA device successfully yielded dynamic electrical maps on 1 mm 2 of cultured snail neurons and of cultured brain slices [16,17]. A recording of cultured mammalian neurons was not possible with the first generation of MTA chips because the gate-referred RMS noise was too high due to the high bandwidth required for a complete sequential readout of the 16,384 sensors at a sampling frequency of 2 kHz for the whole array.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identifying firing mammalian neurons in networks with high-resolution multi-transistor array (MTA)

et al. 2010

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The electrical activity of a network of mammalian neurons is mapped with a Multi-Transistor Array (MTA) fabricated with extended CMOS technology. The spatial resolution is 7.4 µm on an area of 1 mm 2 at a sampling frequency of 6 kHz for a complete readout of 16,384 sensor transistors. Action potentials give rise to extracellular voltages with amplitudes in a range of 500 µV. On the basis of the high resolution in space and time, correlation algorithms are used to identify single action potentials with amplitudes as low as about 200µV, and to assign the signals to the activity of individual neurons even in a dense network.

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“…The inert and homogeneous surface of the chips formed by TiO 2 will provide chemical stability and biocompatibility. The present study is a starting point for the development of TNCs with a multi-transistor array (MTA) [28,29], which will enable us to record the patterns of local field potentials and of single unit recordings in the brain. Analogous capacitor needle chips (CNCs) may be fabricated for stimulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transistor needle chip for recording in brain tissue

Felderer

Fromherz

2011

Appl. Phys. A

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We report on a proof-of-principle experiment for the direct interfacing of transistors with intact brain tissue. A transistor needle chip (TNC) with a TiO 2 surface is fabricated from a silicon-on-insulator wafer and impaled into an acute brain slice cut from hippocampus of the rat. While stimulating the Schaffer collateral, a local field potential is recorded in stratum radiatum of the CA1 region with fieldeffect transistors in the central part of the slice where the tissue is not damaged by the cutting process. After the impalement, the signal amplitude is small. Within an hour, it increases to a stable level around −2 mV as is recorded with a conventional micropipette electrode. The recovery indicates that the tissue is able to adapt to the impaled chip. Upon repeated impalements at the same position, the large signal is observed without delay. A profile of the transistor signal across the slice is due to the boundary conditions of a brain slice with both surfaces held near ground potential. The experiments with the TNC prototype are a basis for the development of silicon needle chips with a large multi-transistor array (MTA) for applications in brain-computer interfacing.

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High-Resolution Multitransistor Array Recording of Electrical Field Potentials in Cultured Brain Slices

Cited by 126 publications

References 35 publications

Electrical stimulation of retinal neurons in epiretinal and subretinal configuration using a multicapacitor array

Electrical stimulation of retinal neurons in epiretinal and subretinal configuration using a multicapacitor array

Identifying firing mammalian neurons in networks with high-resolution multi-transistor array (MTA)

Transistor needle chip for recording in brain tissue

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