High-resolution wind-driven rain measurements on a low-rise building—experimental data for model development and model validation

Impact of wind-driven rain on historic brick wall buildings in a moderately cold and humid climate: Numerical analyses of mould growth risk, indoor climate and energy consumption

“… can be obtained from measurements [20][21][22], empirical relations [20] or numerical simulations [13,14]. Note that detailed values of  can only be obtained by numerical simulation, because the number of WDR gauges on facades is usually limited in measurements and empirical formula can only allow a rough estimate of WDR.…”

Impact, runoff and drying of wind-driven rain on a window glass surface: Numerical modelling based on experimental validation

“…The WDR intensities were measured with WDR gauges that were specifically devised by the authors for accurate WDR measurements [28]. The details of the measurement set-up can be found in [29]. WDR measurements were performed at 20 positions across the south-west facade (Fig.…”

“…6b shows the calculated and measured temporal distribution of cumulative WDR at gauge position 13, indicating a close agreement. The absolute WDR measurement error is estimated following the procedure outlined in [28,29]: E wdr = 0.8 mm. The spatial distribution of WDR for the rain event is given in Fig.…”

Numerical modeling of turbulent dispersion for wind-driven rain on building facades

“…In the present study, an aerodynamic roughness length of 0.03 m is chosen, representing a grass-covered terrain without other obstacles [51]. The ABL friction velocity, u* ABL , is chosen such that the desired reference wind speed, U 10 , is obtained at y = 10 m.…”

“…Blocken and Carmeliet [1,2] and Blocken et al [9] provided extensive reviews of WDR research in building physics. Generally, measurements of WDR on building facades are difficult, timeconsuming and prone to errors [10][11][12]. They are also confined to the meteorological conditions present at the time of experiments.…”