High sensitivity pollution detection employing tunable diode lasers

Abstract

A laser absorption spectrometer is described which employs a wavelength-tunable Pb(1-x) Sn(x) Se diode in conjunction with a multipass White cell and which is capable of measuring SO(2) concentrations in the low ppb range. We describe in some detail the modulation techniques used in signal detection which enable us to measure absorption coefficients as low as 10(-7) m(-1). In addition, calibration of the instrumentation using small sample cells is described, and the question of interference from unwanted molecular species is discussed. The instrumentation allows the measurement, basically at the same time, of a large number of other atmospheric gases which are of significance in pollution studies. For example, the present diode operates over 1050-1150 cm(-1) and can measure SO(2), O(3), N(2)O, CO(2), H(2)O, NH(3), and PAN. The addition of a second diode to the system will allow most gases of any atmospheric importance to be monitored. In general, these gases have much stronger ir absorption bands than SO(2) and hence can be detected at concentrations much less than 1 ppb.

Detection of Gas Concentration by Correlation Spectroscopy Using a Multi-Wavelength Fiber Laser

“…Both methods used differential measurements to reject various kinds of interference. However, according to their correlation principles, broadband light source must be used, and the wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) [9] technique can not be employed.…”

Laser photoacoustic analysis of complex gas mixtures

“…The most sensitive method employs frequency modulation and harmonic detection. The sensitivity depends on the linewidth, and for atmospherically broadened lines, Reid et al (Reid et al, 1978) have reached ΔP min /P(0) ≅ 10 -5 in a diode laser spectrometer (1050-1150 cm -1 ). With a path length of 100 m, the result is a sensitivity of 10 -9 cm -1 , which corresponds to concentrations of 3 ppbV of a weakly absorbing molecule such as SO 2 (ν 1 band), or 0.01 ppbV of a strongly absorbing molecule such as CO.…”

CO2 Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy: I. Principles

“…The most sensitive method employs frequency modulation and harmonic detection. The sensitivity depends on the linewidth, and for atmospherically broadened lines, Reid et al (Reid et al, 1978) have reached ∆P min /P(0) ≅ 10 -5 in a diode laser spectrometer (1050-1150 cm -1 ). With a path length of 100 m, the result is a sensitivity of 10 -9 cm -1 , which corresponds to concentrations of 3 ppbV of a weakly absorbing molecule such as SO 2 (ν 1 band), or 0.01 ppbV of a strongly absorbing molecule such as CO.…”