High skilled immigrants’ pathways from risky to secure legality in the United States

González, Marcela F.

doi:10.1080/01419870.2019.1704040

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Yet on the subject of highly skilled immigrants, only a few studies point out the need to put the empirical study of highly skilled, professional or educated migrants back onto research agendas in migration and global studies (Smith & Favell, 2006;Zhan & Zhou, 2019;González, 2020). The literature generally considers high-skilled immigrants to belong to a cosmopolitan class, one that under globalization enjoys many privileges denied to other more disadvantaged immigrants, such as refugees and asylum seekers, undocumented immigrants, and legal unskilled immigrants.…”

Section: Comple Xific Ation Of Visa P Olicie S and Immig R Ants' Prec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contingencies immigrants encounter such as problems to get visa sponsorship, attachment to employer through visas, visa backlogs, underpayment though being overqualified, as well as long-term anxiety, depression and family separation bring precarity for immigrants to either enter into the labour market or to navigate the labour market. These constraints are mostly due to visa disadvantages instead of other attributes such as immigrants' skills (Massey & Malone, 2002;Luthra, 2009;Jasso et al, 2010;Rising & Castilla, 2014;González, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precarity for the global talent: The impact of visa policies on high‐skilled immigrants’ work in the United States

González

2021

International Migration

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The current historical context of growing diversification of legal statuses for high-skilled immigrants since the 1990s has made immigration to the United States a multi-step process: first immigrants have temporary legal statuses, or no legal status, and only in a subsequent stage acquire legal permanent residency. I analyse the constraints this multistep legal trajectory puts on highly skilled immigrants' work in the United States. Specifically, what consequences it has for high-skilled immigrants' incorporation into the labour market the restrictions attached to temporary legal statuses and the visa backlogs and waiting lists immigrants experience in the transition from temporary to permanent residency. Based on 30 semi-structured interviews with high-skilled immigrants, I explain why legal status constraints their work due to three main reasons: immigrants' attachment to one employer; difficulties finding a job that sponsors work temporary or permanent visas; and retaining the same job under different legal statuses.

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Section: Comple Xific Ation Of Visa P Olicie S and Immig R Ants' Prec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precarity for the global talent: The impact of visa policies on high‐skilled immigrants’ work in the United States

González

2021

International Migration

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“…In the experiences of HSM men from the Global South, we see how the pursuit of STEM education led some to stay in Hawai'i, even when permanent residency was not their intention (González 2020;Varma 2010). In their stories, we recognize an "outsider within" status.…”

Section: Grounded Theory Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Such studies largely present HSM as raceless, genderless, rationally-motivated agents (Bailey and Mulder 2017), disregarding how family, locality, and attractiveness of placeamongst other factorsalso impact migrationrelated decisions (Lauster and Zhao 2017). There is also a failure to consider how potential locations may disincentivize professional migrationfor example, due to racism, gender discrimination, and xenophobiawhich can prevent the incorporation of migrants, regardless of professional status (González 2020;Olmos 2019). Our work contributes to Bailey and Mulder's (2017) call for research that tackles how the experiences of HSM are shaped by race, ethnicity, and gender, as well as adding unique insights into place.…”

Section: Migration and Stem Academic Careersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though professionally-trained migrants may experience employment precarity (González 2020), few studies focus on their workplace experiences (Beaverstock 2012;Chiswick and Miller 2009;Ho 2011), especially how they are influenced by race, ethnicity, and gender (Bailey and Mulder 2017). Generally, research on labour migration and social identities centre migrant workers in service, agriculture, domestic work, or construction, with important findings (Hondagneu-Sotelo 2007;Friberg 2011;Parreñas 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“I have an accent, so people know I’m not from here”: a racial and ethnic analysis of international STEM faculty in Hawai‘i

Rita

Karides

2021

Ethnic and Racial Studies

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Immigration policies in the Global North often prioritize migrants based on professional qualifications, leading to a reliance on the labour of "highlyskilled migrants" (HSM), especially in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). Yet, the workplace experiences of HSM have been understudied, including in higher education. Based on 50 interviews with STEM faculty in Hawai'i, we identified that HSM faculty held distinct ways of negotiating employment circumstances that were categorically different than Hawai'i or U.S.-born faculty. While some HSM expressed feelings of inclusion in their multi-ethnic workplace, others shared stories of bias and discrimination. To untangle this divergence, we conceptualize the professional workplace in Hawai'i as one shaped by histories of occupation and migration. Using "ethnic embodiment" (Retsikas) and Hill-Collins' "outsider within", our analysis contributes to scholarship on the career pathways of HSM, as we consider how histories of place can influence perceptions of ethnic and racial belongingness.

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A typology of Mexican highly educated immigrant entrepreneurs in the United States

Salamanca

Alcaraz

2022

Thunderbird Intl Bus Rev

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This study develops a typology of highly educated Mexican immigrant entrepreneurs living in the United States (U.S.) based on their personal resources, motivations and social capital, and the U.S. institutional challenges they face. An exploratory qualitative analysis was conducted by examining 25 in‐depth interviews with Mexican immigrant entrepreneurs and opinion leaders in the United States. The results show that highly educated Mexican migrant entrepreneurs have different resources, motivations, and premigration conditions and face different institutional challenges. These differences give rise to six types of immigrants: “self‐made‐preneurs,” “expat‐preneurs,” “consolidated‐preneurs,” “stubborn millennials,” “runaway‐preneurs” and “avoider‐preneurs.” Previous studies have proposed a typology of high‐skilled migrants or have compared their profile with that of other migrants. However, a typology of highly educated migrant entrepreneurs or any systematic study on the unique institutional challenges they face does not exist.

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High skilled immigrants’ pathways from risky to secure legality in the United States

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Precarity for the global talent: The impact of visa policies on high‐skilled immigrants’ work in the United States

Precarity for the global talent: The impact of visa policies on high‐skilled immigrants’ work in the United States

“I have an accent, so people know I’m not from here”: a racial and ethnic analysis of international STEM faculty in Hawai‘i

A typology of Mexican highly educated immigrant entrepreneurs in the United States

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