High specific activity radioactive tracers: a powerful tool for studying very low level and long term exposure to different chemical forms of both essential and toxic elements

Bonardi, M.; Groppi, F.; Mainardi, Hae Song

doi:10.1016/s0026-265x(02)00060-7

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In Baghdad markets, frozen minced red meat is mostly from cow origin, which might be the reason for the negative detection of these bacteria in the types of food tested in this work. In addition, the low contamination may be due to the collection of the samples during the summer (hot season), which provides suitable conditions for the infection or the growth of listeria [44]. Another research conducted in Iraq found that the highest incidence of listeriosis occurred in the cold seasons [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Several Types of Frozen Meat in Baghdad city

Yassin

Nadhom

Al-Gburi

2021

eijs

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Detection of pathogenic bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, in food is crucial for safeguarding public health in Iraq. Forty five samples of frozen meat (15 samples of each of minced red meat, chicken, and fish) were collected from different markets in Baghdad city. Molecular (RT-PCR) and culturing (conventional microbiological examination) methods were used to determine the level of contamination of L. monocytogenes in these types of meat. For the culturing method, TSYEB broth was used as an enrichment medium, whereas BALCAM medium (HiMedia) with the listeria selective supplement FD061 was used as a selective medium, for the isolation and identification of this bacterium. The isolates were confirmed microscopically and biochemically. The results of the culturing method showed that the total number of the isolates of L. monocytogenes was 14/45 (31.1%). The incidence of this bacterium was high in fish (11/15, 73.3%), while it was low in the other two types of meat. 2/15 (13.3%) in red meat and 1/15 (6.7 %) in chicken. Molecular detection of each sample of the bacteria was performed using RT-PCR technique after preparing the Genomic DNA extraction of these samples according to the protocol provided by ReliaPrep™ Blood gDNA Miniprep System kit (Promega, USA). The PCR primers and the hybridization probe ((Macrogen, Korea) were used to target the inlA gene sequence (specific for L. monocytogenes). The results of the RT-PCR assay showed that 10/45 (22.2%) of the samples were positive for L. monocytogenes, which was detected only in fish samples ((10/15, 66.7%), while not found in minced red meat and chicken. However, our results showed differences when compared to other previous works because there were many studies found that the highest contamination rate was in red meat products. We conclude that the PCR kit used for the detection of L monocytogenes appears to give accurate results in the diagnoses of this bacterium in meat products and in comparison with the other routine diagnosis methods in the laboratory, which included culturing and doing biochemical tests which last for approximately 7 days, the RT-PCR technique was able to confirm the findings within 48 hours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Several Types of Frozen Meat in Baghdad city

Yassin

Nadhom

Al-Gburi

2021

eijs

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“…77 Os traçadores radiativos específicos com alta atividade são ferramentas para o estudo de exposição a diferentes formas químicas, dentre estas as formas essenciais e tóxicas dos elementos, mesmo que em baixas concentrações e por tempo prolongado. 78 Um recente livro enciclopédico de revisão de Chinkes 79 sobre o uso dos traçado-res radioativos aborda aspectos relacionados à síntese, purificação, quantificação e decomposição destes traçadores e discute a importância da sua utilização e manipulação seguras. Esses agentes são empregados no estudo do comportamento de espécies químicas em diversos processos de transformação, como se pode verificar nos inúmeros exemplos citados por Ambe e Enomoto 80 em um manual específico da área.…”

Section: Traçadores Radioativosunclassified

“…Esta técnica é especialmente notável pela alta especificidade e sensibilidade, como pode-se observar no trabalho de revisão deste tema de Bonardi e colaboradores. 78 A utilização de traçadores radioativos também tem fornecido imensa contribuição para o estudo de processos ambientais, tais como o estudo dos processos de erosão, 82 7 Be meia vida de 53 dias, são formados naturalmente na atmosfera e depositados na superfície por precipitação, distribuindo-se em diferentes profundidades do solo. Esses dois elementos, quando utilizados em conjunto como traçadores, fornecem uma identificação mais precisa do processo de erosão nos rios.…”

Section: Traçadores Radioativosunclassified

Traçadores: o uso de agentes químicos para estudos hidrológicos, ambientais, petroquímicos e biológicos

Silva¹,

Donnici²,

Ayala³

et al. 2009

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 7/7/08; aceito em 30/1/09; publicado na web em 3/7/09 TRACERS: THE USE OF CHEMICAL AGENTS FOR HYDROLOGICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, PETROCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES. This paper presents a revision of the history, definitions, and classification of tracers (natural and artificial, internal and external). The fundamental ideas concerning tracers are described, followed by their application illustrated by typical examples. The advantages and disadvantages of five classes among the most frequently used external tracers (fluorescent, microbial, chemical, radioactive and activable isotopes) are also described in detail. This review also presents some interesting and modern applications of tracers in the areas of diagnostics in medical practice, environmental pollution, hydrology and petroleum chemistry.Keywords: tracers; definitions and classifications; technological applications. INTRODUÇÃO: HISTÓRICO E DEFINIÇÕESO conhecimento, mapeamento quantitativo e monitoramento das fontes de água doce do nosso planeta são importantíssimos, pois a água é fundamental para a vida na Terra.1 Assim, na área de hidrologia, com o interesse vital e necessário do uso de agentes que pudessem monitorar os fluxos de água, surgiram os traçadores, que são usados tanto a nível superficial quanto a nível subterrâneo. Com estes agentes incorporados aos fluxos aquáticos têm-se metodologias diretas, geralmente rápidas e comumente únicas, das quais se pode obter a determinação de fontes originais de água, ou a comprovação de novos afluentes aquáticos, delineamento de velocidades de fluxo de água e até a identificação de fontes poluentes. Cabe ressaltar que, na verdade, o primeiro relato histórico do uso de traçadores ocorreu em 20 d.C. quando o tetrarca Herodes Antipas utilizou cascas moídas para identificação das fontes do Rio Jordão.2 Desta feita, a partir do uso específico para monitoramento de veios aquáticos, surgiu o agente dito como traçador, que tem hoje grande aplicabilidade em diferentes áreas científicas e tecnológicas. Podese, então, definir traçador como uma espécie (química ou biológica) que serve para "marcar" uma fase específica ou parte de um sistema. 3Mais especificamente, traçador é qualquer substância, ou partícula/ entidade (química ou biológica), que pode ser usada para seguir, quer pontualmente ou de forma contínua, o comportamento de um determinado sistema ou de um componente, tal como volume de água, quer em ambiente aberto (hidrologia de superfície) ou subterrâneo (ambiente poroso ou fissurado).3 Cabe esclarecer que muitas vezes as definições traçador e marcador (tracer e marker, respectivamente) são confundidas entre si; contudo, cabe esclarecer as suas diferenças importantes. Do ponto de vista semântico podem-se ter significados similares para ambos os termos; contudo, do ponto de vista científico há conotações diferentes, a saber: usa-se o termo marcador quando se obtêm informações extrínsecas dos processos estudados e traçador quando há uma conotação dinâmica do acompanhamento do processo envolvido e que são o...

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“…Further, a relevant "quantity" that can be introduced in order to express quantitatively the degree of isotopic dilution of a radionuclide is namely isotopic dilution factor IDF(t), that is the ratio at time t after end of radiochemical processing (and labelling) of a radionuclide, in short EOP, between the number of all atoms (both stable and radioactive) isotopic with radionuclide of interest to the number of atoms of radionuclide itself; IDF(t) at the EOP is defined IDF E~ in short IDF ~ [21,22]. It is easy to show that, under the assumption that all isotopes are present in the same chemical form [18,19], the IDF(t) is the ratio between As(CF) and As(t), or IDF(t) = number of stable and radioactive nuclides of same Z (number of atoms of radionuclide) -1 = As(CF) As(t) -1.…”

Section: Introduction: Specific Activity Activity Concentration Isomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is easy to show that, under the assumption that all isotopes are present in the same chemical form [18,19], the IDF(t) is the ratio between As(CF) and As(t), or IDF(t) = number of stable and radioactive nuclides of same Z (number of atoms of radionuclide) -1 = As(CF) As(t) -1. Thus, the IDF(t) is a dimensionless quantity presenting always values not lower than unity, while just in case of a true CF radionuclide, the IDF(CF) is equal to 1 [21,22]. A few examples are given to clarify the previous concepts.…”

Section: Introduction: Specific Activity Activity Concentration Isomentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin-target excitation functions: a powerful tool for optimising yield, specific activity and radionuclidic purity of accelerator-produced radionuclides

et al. 2003

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In accelerator production of radionuclides, thin-target yield yE~ vs. projectile energy, at the end of an instantaneous bombardment (EOIB), is the slope at the "origin" of the growth curve of the activity of a radionuclide per unit beam current vs. irradiation time, for a target in which the energy loss is negligible in respect to projectile energy. Conversely, thick-target yield Y(E,AE) is a function of particle energy E (MeV) onto the target and energy loss AE (MeV) into target itself, obtained experimentally or by integration of thin-target excitation function y(E). Some local maxima on Y(E,AE) curves are present in many cases. As a relevant conclusion, use of target thickness larger than the "effective" value is unsuitable, due to larger specific power deposited by the beam in target material, instead of cooling system. Moreover, increasing amount of target material leads to a lower value of specific activity, due to larger amounts and volumes of chemicals and equipment. Y(E,AE) curves and their maxima permit calculating optimal irradiation conditions to produce radionuclides with maximum yield, specific activity and radionuclidic purity. In order to join the advantages of accurate knowledge of thin-target excitation functions, very selective radiochemical separations were optimised, without intentional addition of an isotopic carrier.

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High specific activity radioactive tracers: a powerful tool for studying very low level and long term exposure to different chemical forms of both essential and toxic elements

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Several Types of Frozen Meat in Baghdad city

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Several Types of Frozen Meat in Baghdad city

Traçadores: o uso de agentes químicos para estudos hidrológicos, ambientais, petroquímicos e biológicos

Thin-target excitation functions: a powerful tool for optimising yield, specific activity and radionuclidic purity of accelerator-produced radionuclides

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