High Step-Up Current-Fed Diode-Clamped Resonant Converter for Overloaded Fuel-Cell Vehicles

Choi, Jiho; Khan, Muhammad Mubeen; Kim, Cheol-Hwan; Kim, Minsung

doi:10.1109/tpel.2023.3269626

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Currently, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and transformation of fossil energy to renewable energies are two important and urgent challenges to sustainable development of human community. , Among many renewable alternatives, hydrogen energy is one of the most important ones . Many states around the world have intensified their research and development of FCVs and the popularization of HRSs. − It is expected that by 2035, global FCVs ownership will reach 1 million vehicles, and the number of HRSs will reach more than 5000. , However, hydrogen, when stored in high-pressure form (e.g., 35 MPa/70 MPa) and used in low-pressure form (1 MPa), is susceptible to leakage through microgaps due to its small molecule size, low density, and low viscosity. When hydrogen leakage occurs, it would be more likely to mix with the surrounding air in variable scenarios and becomes flammable and may even lead to a blast if without effective actions to avoid high concentrations of hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Leakage in Relation to Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Hu,

Gao,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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As fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are increasingly put on the market and hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) are built accordingly, fatal accidents caused by explosion due to hydrogen leakage are reported and have become a critical issue. The explosion results from complicated processes associated with the so-called hydrogen jet and diffusion when the hydrogen leaks from FCVs or HRSs, demonstrating its sophisticated characteristics and presenting significant technical challenges. Recently, particularly in the past a few years, researchers have established a variety of theoretical models to reveal the relevant mechanisms and introduced a series of monitoring/diagnostic approaches to detect and control the relevant hazards. This comprehensive review summarizes the major research outcomes and particularly the state-of-the-art progresses in relation to hydrogen leakage in FCVs and HRSs, including (1) subsonic jets, (2) underexpanded jets, (3) hydrogen diffusion behavior, (4) hazard reduction methods for confined and free spaces, (5) four types of widely used hydrogen detection technologies, and (6) the application of hydrogen leakage diagnostic methods in different systems. An insight of the review is that research on hydrogen leakage related to FCVs and HRSs should be combined with the relevant realistic characteristics. The characteristics of hydrogen jets generated in real gaps are discussed, and hazard reduction methods are proposed based on the characteristics of hydrogen diffusion in different confined and free spaces. It is suggested that, in order to integrate and evaluate multiple sensor data points and more accurately determine the leakage location and the leakage level, artificial intelligence technologies could be introduced to resolve the issues encountered currently.

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