High-throughput analytical methods employing microextraction techniques: Towards fast analyses lasting a few seconds

Developing and Evaluating the Greenness of a Reliable, All-in-One Thin-Film Microextraction Protocol for Determining Fentanyl, Methadone, and Zolpidem in Plasma, Urine, and Oral Fluid

“…Calibration curves were built for matrices (blood, urine, and oral fluid) by plotting the peak ratios of fentanyl/methadone/zolpidem to the IS against the nominal concentrations of the calibration standards at 1, 3,10,15,20,25,30,40,50, and 100 ng mL −1 . Measurements were taken in triplicate for each concentration and used to create the calibration curve for each sample batch.…”

“…The preparation of complex biological samples prior to LC-MS/MS analysis is critical, as proper sample preparation can ensure the accurate identification and quantification of drugs. Furthermore, selecting the optimal sample preparation method is also integral to ensuring the resultant protocol is reliable and reproducible; for a discussion of the specific advantages and disadvantages of the different sample preparation microextraction-based protocols for drugs of abuse please see the reviews published recently [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Most of the sample preparation techniques presented in the last few years have been rooted in the principles of green chemistry, especially the technique’s miniaturization.…”

“…Most of the sample preparation techniques presented in the last few years have been rooted in the principles of green chemistry, especially the technique’s miniaturization. Another important aspect worth exploring is method automation, as this feature minimizes the need for human sample handling—and thus, the chance of errors and sample manipulation—and enables faster analysis and results regarding the presence and concentration of drugs in a given sample [ 15 ]. When choosing a sample preparation method, it is also important to give special attention to the efficiency and reproducibility of the extraction, the sensitivity of the analysis, the required amounts of solvent and sample, and the cost and time of analysis [ 13 , 15 ].…”

“…Another important aspect worth exploring is method automation, as this feature minimizes the need for human sample handling—and thus, the chance of errors and sample manipulation—and enables faster analysis and results regarding the presence and concentration of drugs in a given sample [ 15 ]. When choosing a sample preparation method, it is also important to give special attention to the efficiency and reproducibility of the extraction, the sensitivity of the analysis, the required amounts of solvent and sample, and the cost and time of analysis [ 13 , 15 ]. Recently, several articles have confirmed the interest in many different microextraction-based methods for the analysis of drugs of abuse [ 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

A Comprehensive Review on Advanced Extraction Techniques for Retrieving Bioactive Components from Natural Sources

“…The SPME brush with 96 stainless-steel pins, coated with hydrophilic–lipophilic balance particles and polyacrylonitrile, quantifies over 100 veterinary drugs in chicken and beef tissue, demonstrating excellent accuracy and precision. Ambient ionization techniques like DART-MS/MS (direct analysis in real time tandem mass spectrometry, a technique used in mass spectrometry for the rapid analysis of samples with minimal or no sample preparation) and paper spray coupled with SPME enable rapid screening of 98 analytes in bovine tissue . Microfluidic open interface coupled with SPME achieves simultaneous extraction of 96 plasma samples for therapeutic drug monitoring.…”