High-throughput concept for tailoring switchable mirrors

Borgschulte, Andreas; Gremaud, Robin; Man, S.P.J. de; Westerwaal, R.J.; Rector, J.H.; Dam, B.; Griessen, R.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.02.017

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…An HT concept for studying and optimizing the composition and thickness of potential switchable mirror materials (for example, Pd on Mg-Ni) was introduced by Borgschulte et al [299] Switchable mirrors are shiny metal alloy films on glass, which become transparent upon exposure to hydrogen. Potential applications include windows for buildings and vehicles or visors for helmets.…”

Section: Coating Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Materials Science

2007

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There is increasing acceptance of high-throughput technologies for the discovery, development, and optimization of materials and catalysts in industry. Over the years, the relative synchronous development of technologies for parallel synthesis and characterization has been accompanied by developments in associated software and information technologies. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the state of the art of the field by selected examples. Technologies developed to aid research on complex materials are covered as well as databases, design of experiment, data-mining technologies, modeling approaches, and evolutionary strategies for development. Different methods for parallel synthesis provide single sample libraries, gradient libraries for electronic or optical materials, similar to polymers and catalysts, and products produced through formulation strategies. Many examples illustrate the variety of isolated solutions and document the barely recognized variety of new methods for the synthesis and analysis of almost any material. The Review ends with a summary of success stories and statements on still-present problems and future tasks.

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Section: Coating Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Materials Science

2007

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“…With a straightforward optical setup, hydrogenography makes it possible to monitor hydrogen ab-and desorption simultaneously on thousands of samples under exactly the same experimental conditions. [8][9][10] We show here that hydrogenography is much more than a monitoring technique, as it also provides a high-throughput method to measure quantitatively the key thermodynamic properties (enthalpy and entropy) of hydride formation. We describe the essential ingredients of hydrogenography with the Mg-Ti-H system and demonstrate its combinatorial power with the Mg-Ti-Ni-H system.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Under isothermal conditions, if there is a hydrogen concentration plateau in the p-c isotherm due to coexisting hydride phases, the transmission will necessarily exhibit a plateau at the same pressure. Hydrogenography is furthermore valuable for the search for catalytic caplayers promoting hydrogen uptake, [10] electrode materials for batteries, [18] smart coatings for adaptive solar collectors, [19] or optical-fiber hydrogen sensors. [34] The same experimental procedures described here can be applied to reactions involving amides, imides, oxides, or nitrides.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydrogenography: An Optical Combinatorial Method To Find New Light‐Weight Hydrogen‐Storage Materials

et al. 2007

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The standard approach for the search of new hydrogen-storage materials is to synthesize bulk samples and to use volumetric [1,2] or gravimetric [3] techniques to follow their hydrogenation reaction and to record pressure-concentration isotherms (p-c isotherms). The equilibrium pressure of the metal-to-hydride transition is determined from the plateau of the p-c isotherm. The enthalpy of hydride formation is extracted from the temperature dependence of the equilibrium pressure, by means of the Van 't Hoff relation [4] lnwhere DH is the enthalpy of formation in kJ (mol H 2 ) -1 , DS 0 is the entropy of formation in JK -1 (mol H 2 ) -1 at standard pressure, R the gas constant, the absolute temperature, p 0 = 1.013 × 10 5 Pa the standard pressure, and p eq the H 2 equilibrium plateau pressure of the p-c isotherm. The great disadvantage of this approach is that a bulk sample is needed for each investigated chemical composition. Thin films provide an interesting alternative to bulk, as their nanostructure is controlled by the deposition conditions. Because of the small amount of material and large surfaces present, diffusion and local heating issues are minimized, the kinetics are fast, and the measurement time is reduced drastically. [5] Moreover, a large number of different chemical compositions can be deposited on a single substrate in a combinatorial way. The fact that hydrogen absorption in a metal leads to large optical changes [6,7] is the basis of a new combinatorial method that we call hydrogenography. With a straightforward optical setup, hydrogenography makes it possible to monitor hydrogen ab-and desorption simultaneously on thousands of samples under exactly the same experimental conditions. [8][9][10] We show here that hydrogenography is much more than a monitoring technique, as it also provides a high-throughput method to measure quantitatively the key thermodynamic properties (enthalpy and entropy) of hydride formation. We describe the essential ingredients of hydrogenography with the Mg-Ti-H system and demonstrate its combinatorial power with the Mg-Ti-Ni-H system. We show in particular that there is a relatively narrow range of compositions in the ternary Mg-Ti-Ni phase diagram with a remarkable combination of favorable properties for light-weight hydrogen storage. Pure MgH 2 would in principle be an attractive system for hydrogen storage as it can contain as much as 7.6 wt % of hydrogen. However, its large negative enthalpy of formation (-74 kJ (mol H 2 ) -1

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“…326 Hydrogenography has also been utilized as a switchable mirror technology, taking advantage of the change in transmissivity that results from hydrogenation, as well as other applications. [327][328][329][330] Hydrogenography has been applied for compositional mapping of a number of Mg based systems such as Mg-Ni, 309,331 Mg-Ni-Ti, 332 Mg-Al, 333 and Mg-Al-Ti. 334 A notable result from this body of work was the discovery 316 of the alloy Mg 69 Ni 26 Ti 5 , Fig.…”

Section: Thin Film Combinatorial Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of high throughput (combinatorial) methodologies to electronic, magnetic, optical, and energy-related materials

Green

Takeuchi

Hattrick‐Simpers

2013

Journal of Applied Physics

227

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High throughput (combinatorial) materials science methodology is a relatively new research paradigm that offers the promise of rapid and efficient materials screening, optimization, and discovery. The paradigm started in the pharmaceutical industry but was rapidly adopted to accelerate materials research in a wide variety of areas. High throughput experiments are characterized by synthesis of a "library" sample that contains the materials variation of interest (typically composition), and rapid and localized measurement schemes that result in massive data sets. Because the data are collected at the same time on the same "library" sample, they can be highly uniform with respect to fixed processing parameters. This article critically reviews the literature pertaining to applications of combinatorial materials science for electronic, magnetic, optical, and energy-related materials. It is expected that high throughput methodologies will facilitate commercialization of novel materials for these critically important applications. Despite the overwhelming evidence presented in this paper that high throughput studies can effectively inform commercial practice, in our perception, it remains an underutilized research and development tool. Part of this perception may be due to the inaccessibility of proprietary industrial research and development practices, but clearly the initial cost and availability of high throughput laboratory equipment plays a role. Combinatorial materials science has traditionally been focused on materials discovery, screening, and optimization to combat the extremely high cost and long development times for new materials and their introduction into commerce. Going forward, combinatorial materials science will also be driven by other needs such as materials substitution and experimental verification of materials properties predicted by modeling and simulation, which have recently received much attention with the advent of the Materials Genome Initiative. Thus, the challenge for combinatorial methodology will be the effective coupling of synthesis, characterization and theory, and the ability to rapidly manage large amounts of data in a variety of formats. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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High-throughput concept for tailoring switchable mirrors

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Materials Science

Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Materials Science

Hydrogenography: An Optical Combinatorial Method To Find New Light‐Weight Hydrogen‐Storage Materials

Applications of high throughput (combinatorial) methodologies to electronic, magnetic, optical, and energy-related materials

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