High throughput screening and antioxidant assay of dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans in modified‐ultrasonic and supercritical fluid extracts of Schisandra chinensis Baill by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and a free radical‐scavenging method

Abstract

Dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans of Schisandra chinensis Baill are well known because of their hepatoprotective activity, antioxidant activity, and anticancer effect. For the isolation of the dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans of Schisandra chinensis Baill two extraction methods were used: modified-ultrasonic extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. A specific and fast analytical method for structure identification is established for quality control because structure elucidation could be accomplished by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technologies. The separation and identification of the compounds were completed by: (i) a water-acetonitrile gradient system using a C18 reversed-phase column; (ii) UV detection at 225 nm; (iii) MS/MS experiments with electrospray ionization interface (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry in the positive mode. Normalized collision energy was used to obtain fragment ions of structural relevance in the LC-MS/MS. These results provided a reliable LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra chinensis Baill. Finally, we also detected 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effects (%) of the modified-ultrasonic and supercritical fluid extracts of Schisandra chinensis Baill compared with 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox). The antioxidant activities of the modified-ultrasonic and supercritical fluid extracts were lower than that of trolox.

Determination of lignans and phenolic components of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. using HPLC-ESI-ToF-MS and HPLC-online TEAC: Contribution of individual components to overall antioxidant activity and comparison with traditional antioxidant assays

“…Wang et al (2014) reported ORAC values of 1.01 and 1.3 mmol TE/L of normal and lignan enriched juices of S. chinensis, whereas Kim et al (2009) found an 11.9% inhibition in ABTS assay for a fruits methanolic extract. Further, Wang et al (2008) described a 30.1% DPPH inhibition by a S. chinensis fruits extract. Furthermore, these authors link the antioxidant activity of the fruits with their content in gomisin J, gomisin F, tigloylgomisin P, gomisin M1/M2/L1/L2.…”

“…While some authors propose that lignans are good antioxidants and suggest the enrichment of several food products with these compounds in order to enhance their antioxidant properties (Kim, Lee, Do, & Bang, 2015;Kim & Choi, 2014), others state that their radicalscavenging properties are moderate and only effective at high concentrations (Šmejkal et al, 2010). Furthermore, antioxidant capacities of featured constituents and corresponding herbal preparations were mostly determined by (offline) bioassays such as the (traditional) DPPH, FRAP, or TEAC assays (Liu et al, 2009;Mocan et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2008). However, these methods cannot directly determine and identify the active components in herbal mixtures requiring further tedious separation and purification procedures, which are time consuming, produce a lot of waste, and do not always lead to expected results.…”

“…However, the antioxidant activity of "schisandra-lignans" is discussed quite controversially. While some authors claim that the antioxidant activity of S. chinensis is related to its lignan content and even propose antioxidant assays as instruments for quality control (Wang, Lai, & Chang, 2008), others appreciate the antiradical properties of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans as weak (Šmejkal et al, 2010). A general practice to assess the antioxidant capacity of single components is to separate and purify them, which is very laborious.…”

Optimization of Phenolic Antioxidant Extraction from Wuweizi (Schisandra chinensis) Pulp Using Random-Centroid Optimazation Methodology

“…Wuweizi has high content of lignans, which mainly exist in seeds (4.1~19.2% of whole fruit) [1]. The lignans have been considered as the primary constituents for Wuweizi’s antioxidant, hepatoprotective, immuo-modulating, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects [6]. Compared to the intensive studies on lignans, polyphenols in Wuweizi pulp, especially anthocyanins have not received much attention.…”

Antiasthmatic effects of schizandrae fructus extract in mice with asthma

“…[1415] Pharmacological studies have shown that some of the metabolites exhibit various properties, such as antihepatotoxic, antimicrobial, hypoglycaemic, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects. [1617181920] Although schizandrin, the main constituent of SF, showed inhibitory activity on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by the IgE-antigen complex, well-controlled clinical trials, or translational research on SF for asthma treatment are rare. [11]…”