High‐value oils from plants

Dyer, John M.; Stymne, Sten; Green, Allan; Carlsson, Anders S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03430.x

Cited by 395 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…They contribute significantly to human and livestock nutrition, provide versatile feedstock for the chemical industry, and also serve as a renewable energy source in the form of biodiesel (Durrett et al, 2008;Dyer et al, 2008). World production has increased dramatically in the last decade and now exceeds 150 million metric tons per year (http://www.fas.usda.…”

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confidence: 99%

The SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 Lipase Limits Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues of Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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There has been considerable interest recently in the prospect of engineering crops to produce triacylglycerol (TAG) in their vegetative tissues as a means to achieve a step change in oil yield. Here, we show that disruption of TAG hydrolysis in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lipase mutant sugar-dependent1 (sdp1) leads to a substantial accumulation of TAG in roots and stems but comparatively much lower TAG accumulation in leaves. TAG content in sdp1 roots increases with the age of the plant and can reach more than 1% of dry weight at maturity, a 50-fold increase over the wild type. TAG accumulation in sdp1 roots requires both ACYL-COENZYME A:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (DGAT1) and PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE: DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and can also be strongly stimulated by the provision of exogenous sugar. In transgenic plants constitutively coexpressing WRINKLED1 and DGAT1, sdp1 also doubles the accumulation of TAG in roots, stems, and leaves, with levels ranging from 5% to 8% of dry weight. Finally, provision of 3% (w/v) exogenous Suc can further boost root TAG content in these transgenic plants to 17% of dry weight. This level of TAG is similar to seed tissues in many plant species and establishes the efficacy of an engineering strategy to produce oil in vegetative tissues that involves simultaneous manipulation of carbohydrate supply, fatty acid synthesis, TAG synthesis, and also TAG breakdown.

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The SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 Lipase Limits Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues of Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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“…They make a significant contribution to human and livestock nutrition but also provide feedstock for the production of various industrial chemicals, including biodiesel (Durrett et al, 2008;Dyer et al, 2008). The volume of vegetable oil that is produced globally has increased very substantially in recent decades and now is in excess of 150 million metric tons per year (http://www.fas.usda.gov/data/ oilseeds-world-markets-and-trade).…”

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Multigene Engineering of Triacylglycerol Metabolism Boosts Seed Oil Content in Arabidopsis

et al. 2014

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Increasing the yield of oilseed crops is an important objective for biotechnologists. A number of individual genes involved in triacylglycerol metabolism have previously been reported to enhance the oil content of seeds when their expression is altered. However, it has yet to be established whether specific combinations of these genes can be used to achieve an additive effect and whether this leads to enhanced yield. Using Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as an experimental system, we show that seed-specific overexpression of WRINKLED1 (a transcriptional regulator of glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis) and DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (a triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzyme) combined with suppression of the triacylglycerol lipase SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 results in a higher percentage seed oil content and greater seed mass than manipulation of each gene individually. Analysis of total seed yield per plant suggests that, despite a reduction in seed number, the total yield of oil is also increased.

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“…In domesticated oilseeds, these stored TAGs represent a major source of calories for human and animal nutrition, an excellent feedstock for diesel fuels, and a reservoir for the deposition of industrially important fatty acids used as chemical feedstocks (3)(4)(5)(6). Although not commonly appreciated, TAGs also are synthesized in nonseed tissues (7,8), but their abundance in these tissues is low, in part because of the metabolism of the cell and perhaps as a consequence of the continuous recycling of fatty acids for energy and membrane synthesis.…”

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Disruption of theArabidopsisCGI-58 homologue produces Chanarin–Dorfman-like lipid droplet accumulation in plants

James

Horn

Case

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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CGI-58 is the defective gene in the human neutral lipid storage disease called Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. This disorder causes intracellular lipid droplets to accumulate in nonadipose tissues, such as skin and blood cells. Here, disruption of the homologous CGI-58 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in the accumulation of neutral lipid droplets in mature leaves. Mass spectroscopy of isolated lipid droplets from cgi-58 loss-of-function mutants showed they contain triacylglycerols with common leaf-specific fatty acids. Leaves of mature cgi-58 plants exhibited a marked increase in absolute triacylglycerol levels, more than 10-fold higher than in wild-type plants. Lipid levels in the oil-storing seeds of cgi-58 loss-of-function plants were unchanged, and unlike mutations in β-oxidation, the cgi-58 seeds germinated and grew normally, requiring no rescue with sucrose. We conclude that the participation of CGI-58 in neutral lipid homeostasis of nonfat-storing tissues is similar, although not identical, between plant and animal species. This unique insight may have implications for designing a new generation of technologies that enhance the neutral lipid content and composition of crop plants.compartmentation | plant lipid metabolism P lants synthesize and store neutral lipids such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) primarily in cytosolic lipid droplets of maturing seeds (1, 2). In domesticated oilseeds, these stored TAGs represent a major source of calories for human and animal nutrition, an excellent feedstock for diesel fuels, and a reservoir for the deposition of industrially important fatty acids used as chemical feedstocks (3-6). Although not commonly appreciated, TAGs also are synthesized in nonseed tissues (7,8), but their abundance in these tissues is low, in part because of the metabolism of the cell and perhaps as a consequence of the continuous recycling of fatty acids for energy and membrane synthesis. Indeed, vegetative cells can incorporate radiolabeled precursors into TAG (7, 8), they express diacylglycerol acyltransferases [the only enzyme in the "Kennedy pathway" unique to TAG production (9)], and they can accumulate TAGs in β-oxidation mutants (2) and in some floral (10) and fruit (7) tissues. Thus, although plant vegetative cells appear to have the metabolic machinery to synthesize and accumulate neutral lipids, there are likely underlying regulatory mechanisms in place to minimize this process, none of which are understood.Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome is a neutral-lipid storage disease (11) caused by a defect in the protein CGI-58 (comparative gene identification-58, also called ABHD5 for α/β hydrolase-5). CGI-58 is a soluble enzyme that associates with cytosolic lipid droplets under certain metabolic conditions and appears to play a role in hydrolysis of stored lipids (11)(12)(13)(14). Several different mutations in this protein, including amino acid substitutions, premature stop codons, and defects in mRNA splicing, have been identified in various Chanarin-Dorfman patients, all of which result in a hyperac...

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High‐value oils from plants

Cited by 395 publications

References 133 publications

The SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 Lipase Limits Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues of Arabidopsis

The SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 Lipase Limits Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues of Arabidopsis

Multigene Engineering of Triacylglycerol Metabolism Boosts Seed Oil Content in Arabidopsis

Disruption of theArabidopsisCGI-58 homologue produces Chanarin–Dorfman-like lipid droplet accumulation in plants

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