High variability between regional histories of long-term atmospheric Pb pollution

Longman, Jack; Ersek, Vasile; Vereș, Daniel

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77773-w

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Comparison of industrially driven Pb deposition in archives from different countries and continents indicates regional or local differences due to the individual history of industrial development (Longman et al, 2020). However, despite significant intracontinental variability, the most pronounced increase, observed in the mid-20th century, has been statistically confirmed (Longman et al, 2020). This has important implications for determining a clear boundary for the Anthropocene series using trace elements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Śnieżka peatland as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series

Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł

Łokas

Smieja-Król

et al. 2022

The Anthropocene Review

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The subalpine, atmospherically fed Śnieżka peatland, located in the Polish part of the Sudetes, is one of the nominated candidates for the GSSP of the Anthropocene. Data from two profiles, Sn1 (2012) and Sn0 (2020), from this site are critical for distinguishing the proposed epoch, while an additional core Sn2 is presented to support main evidence. The Sn0 archive contains a wide array of critical markers such as plutonium (Pu), radiocarbon (F14C), fly ash particles, Hg and stable C and N isotopes which are consistent with the previously well documented 210Pb/14C dated Sn1 profile, which provides a high-resolution and comprehensive database of trace elements and rare earth elements (REE), Pb isotopes, Pu, Cs, pollen and testate amoebae. The 1952 worldwide appearance of Pu, owing to its global synchronicity and repeatability between the cores, is proposed here as a primary marker of the Anthropocene, supported by the prominent upturn of selected chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic indicators as well as the appearance of technofossils and artificial radionuclides.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Śnieżka peatland as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series

Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł

Łokas

Smieja-Król

et al. 2022

The Anthropocene Review

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“…[50] Besides, these Pb-based particles possess highly active properties, which are inclined to be absorbed by the suspensions in the air. [51,52] These aerosols containing Pb could be inhaled by the skin, and may cause severe health effects on people. [53][54][55] Considering the environmental situation of rainfall or wind disturbance, the suspended Pb components are inevitably fallen on the soil or migrated into water.…”

Section: Pb Contamination In the Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

Luo

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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of human society. Clean and green solar energy could be converted into electric energy through photovoltaic technologies. This can provide a green and sustainable way for energy utilization. [1][2][3] Inorganicorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered to be one of the most promising photovoltaic applications, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] owing to the favorable properties of perovskite materials, such as tunable bandgap, high absorption coefficient, large bipolar mobility, long carrier diffusion length, small exciton binding energy and high defect tolerance. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has reached 25.7% based on Pb-based perovskites, which has exceeded that of monocrystalline silicon solar cells and exhibited huge a market prospect. [19] However, these perovskite films are prone to be decomposed into the toxic heavy-metal compounds of PbI 2 , Pb, or PbO, etc. because of the uncontrollable environmental condition, including high temperature, high humidity, and strong sunlight. [20,21] The toxicity of Pb leaking from perovskite film has become one of the main obstacles toward commercialization. [22] There have been extensive endeavors to replace Pb with Sn to make the perovskite active layer less toxic, however, Sn-based PSCs demonstrate inferior efficiency and stability compared with their Pb-based counterparts. Thus, the Pb-based perovskites are still indispensable for guaranteeing excellent photoelectric properties and would be the main force of future large-scale applications.The photovoltaic market has been growing rapidly for alleviating energy scarcity and mitigating climate change. The cumulative solar capacity in 2020 reaches ≈773.2 GW around the world. [23] If 20% of this solar capacity is occupied by perovskite solar panels with 500 nm Pb-based perovskite film and ≈20% PCE, 541.24 tons of Pb would be consumed considering ≈0.70 g m −2 of Pb content. [24,25] The widespread deployment of PSCs would provoke a terrible environmental pollution without proper Pb management. World Health Organization (WHO) and many countries have reached a broad consensus on the restriction of the Pb pollution and established strict environmental standards on the Pb usage. Besides, international organizations such as the European Union have also formulated relevant regulations for the management and regulation of waste electrical and electronic equipment, requiring producers to take responsibility for collecting and recycling apparatus waste. [26] Therefore, sustainable Pb management is an essential prerequisite for the commercialization of PSCs. Pb-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies for commercialization have attracted tremendous attention in recent years. However, the toxicity and leakage of heavy metal Pb from perovskite film have become critical obstacles for eco-friendly development. Extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain, high temperature, or strong sunlight may accelerate the undesired decomp...

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“…Lead (Pb) is introduced in the atmosphere through natural or anthropogenic sources 1 – 3 . Since the industrial revolution, the anthropogenic flux of Pb into the atmosphere has become the dominant source 4 , 5 , enhancing Pb input to the surface ocean. Therefore, modern-day dissolved Pb (dPb) concentrations in global oceans are generally higher compared to the natural oceanic background of 2.2 pmol kg −1 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange of Pb from Indian to Atlantic Ocean is driven by Agulhas current and atmospheric Pb input from South Africa

Samanta

Cloete

Dey

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Using a spatiotemporal dataset of dissolved lead (dPb) from the subtropical oceans surrounding South Africa, this study quantifies the exchange of dPb between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Despite the absence of a major Pb source within the South Atlantic sector and the complete phase-out of leaded petroleum in Southern Africa, the ecologically important southeast Cape Basin shows an elevated surface dPb concentration (21–30 pmol kg−1). We estimated up to 90% of the measured dPb in surface waters of the Cape Basin was delivered from the Indian Ocean via the Agulhas Current (AC). Eddy dynamics and leakage at Agulhas retroflection result in an increased Pb flux from winter to summer, while a long-term (2008–2019) temporal change in dPb in the AC-derived water of Cape Basin was contemporaneous to a change in atmospheric Pb emissions from South Africa. The South African-origin atmospheric Pb, however, contributes first to the Agulhas waters in the West Indian Ocean, which is then transported to the South Atlantic, thereby regulating the dPb inventory of the Cape Basin. This indirect mechanism of Pb transfer emphasizes the importance of regulating Pb emissions from Southern Africa to protect rich fishing grounds associated with the Benguela marine ecosystem.

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High variability between regional histories of long-term atmospheric Pb pollution

Cited by 17 publications

References 67 publications

The Śnieżka peatland as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series

The Śnieżka peatland as a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene series

Sustainable Pb Management in Perovskite Solar Cells toward Eco‐Friendly Development

Exchange of Pb from Indian to Atlantic Ocean is driven by Agulhas current and atmospheric Pb input from South Africa

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