Higher bone remodeling biomarkers are related to a higher muscle function in older adults: Effects of acute exercise

Smith, Cassandra; Hiam, Danielle; Tacey, Alexander; Lin, Xuzhu; Woessner, Mary N.; Zarekookandeh, Navabeh; Garnham, Andrew; Chubb, Paul; Lewis, Joshua R.; Sim, Marc; Herrmann, Markus; Duque, Gustavo; Levinger, Itamar

doi:10.1016/j.bone.2022.116545

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…It was negatively correlated with the level of type I collagen, and the breakdown of type I collagen showed enhanced bone resorption, which could reflect the degree of bone resorption ( 11 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of blood flow restriction training on bone turnover markers, microstructure, and biomechanics in rats

Song,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of blood flow restriction training on muscle strength, bone tissue structure material, and biomechanical properties in rats applying various exercise interventions and to analyze the process by identifying the bone turnover markers, it provides a theoretical basis for the application of BFRT in clinical rehabilitation.MethodsA total of 24, 3-month-old male SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were randomly divided into pressurized control group (CON, n=6), low-intensity training group (LIRT, n=6), high-intensity training group (HIRT, n=6), and blood flow restriction training group (LIBFR, n=6) for 8-week ladder-climbing exercises. The pressured control group were given only ischemia treatments and did not undertake any burden. The low-intensity training group was allowed to climb the ladder with 30% of the maximum voluntary carrying capacity (MVCC). The rats in the high-intensity training group were allowed to climb the ladder with 70% MVCC. The blood flow restriction training group climbed the ladder with 30% MVCC while imposing blood flow restriction. Before sampling, the final MVCC was measured using a ladder-climbing protocol with progressively increasing weight loading. The serum, muscle, and bone were removed for sampling. The concentrations of the bone turnover markers PINP, BGP, and CTX in the serum were measured using ELISA. The bone mineral density and microstructure of femur bones were measured using micro-CT. Three-point bending and torsion tests were performed by a universal testing machine to measure the material mechanics and structural mechanics indexes of the femur bone.ResultsThe results of maximum strength test showed that the MVCC in LIRT, HIRT, and LIBFR groups was significantly greater than in the CON group, while the MVCC in the HIRT group was significantly higher than that in the LIRT group (P<0.05). According to the results of the bone turnover marker test, the concentrations of bone formation indexes PINP (amino-terminal extension peptide of type I procollagen) and BGP (bone gla protein) were significantly lower in the CON group than in the HIRT group (P<0.01), while those were significantly higher in the LIRT group compared to the HIRT group (P<0.01). In terms of bone resorption indexes, significant differences were identified only between the HIRT and other groups (P<0.05). The micro-CT examination revealed that the HIRT group had significantly greater bone density index values than the CON and LIRT groups (P<0.05). The results of three-point bending and torsion test by the universal material testing machine showed that the elastic modulus and maximum load indexes of the HIRT group were significantly smaller than those of the LIBFR group (P<0.05). The fracture load indexes in the HIRT group were significantly smaller than in the LIBFR group (P<0.05).Conclusion1. LIRT, HIRT, LIBFR, and CON all have significant differences, and this training helps to improve maximum strength, with HIRT being the most effective. 2. Blood flow restriction training can improve the expression of bone turnover markers, such as PINP and BGP, which promote bone tissue formation. 3. Blood flow restriction training can improve muscle strength and increase the positive development of bone turnover markers, thereby improving bone biomechanical properties such as bone elastic modulus and maximum load.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of blood flow restriction training on bone turnover markers, microstructure, and biomechanics in rats

Song,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Bgp appeared by gene duplication from mgp or an ancestral gene and both bgp and mgp might regulate mineralization of type I collagen extracellular matrix 20,21 . Bgp is discussed as a serum protein with endocrine regulatory function; serum bgp is measurable and typically 20 ng/mL, ~40% uncarboxylated, while procollagen type I propeptide in serum has similar concentration, typically 40 ng/mL, in older adult humans 22 . Lack of major endocrine effects of bgp deficiency in mice indicate that endocrine functions of bgp may be species specific; mice but not humans have multiple bgp genes 23 .…”

Section: The Collagenous Matrix In Bone and Other Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial‐like transport of mineral distinguishes bone formation from other connective tissues

Blair,

Larrouture,

Tourkova

et al. 2023

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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We review unique properties of bone formation including current understanding of mechanisms of bone mineral transport. We focus on formation only; mechanism of bone degradation is a separate topic not considered. Bone matrix is compared to other connective tissues composed mainly of the same proteins, but without the specialized mechanism for continuous transport and deposition of mineral. Indeed other connective tissues add mechanisms to prevent mineral formation. We start with the epithelial‐like surfaces that mediate transport of phosphate to be incorporated into hydroxyapatite in bone, or in its ancestral tissue, the tooth. These include several phosphate producing or phosphate transport‐related proteins with special expression in large quantities in bone, particularly in the bone‐surface osteoblasts. In all connective tissues including bone, the proteins that constitute the protein matrix are mainly type I collagen and γ−carboxylate‐containing small proteins in similar molar quantities to collagen. Specialized proteins that regulate connective tissue structure and formation are surprisingly similar in mineralized and non‐mineralized tissues. While serum calcium and phosphate are adequate to precipitate mineral, specialized mechanisms normally prevent mineral formation except in bone, where continuous transport and deposition of mineral occurs.

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The role of bone in energy metabolism: A focus on osteocalcin

Smith,

Lin,

Parker

et al. 2024

Bone

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Higher bone remodeling biomarkers are related to a higher muscle function in older adults: Effects of acute exercise

Cited by 4 publications

References 62 publications

Effects of blood flow restriction training on bone turnover markers, microstructure, and biomechanics in rats

Effects of blood flow restriction training on bone turnover markers, microstructure, and biomechanics in rats

Epithelial‐like transport of mineral distinguishes bone formation from other connective tissues

The role of bone in energy metabolism: A focus on osteocalcin

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