Higher serum lipids and oxidative stress in patients with normal tension glaucoma, but not pseudoexfoliative glaucoma

Abstract

This study entailed a cross-examination of oxidant/antioxidant balance, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-linked paraoxonase 1 (PON1) phenotypes, and levels of serum routine lipids among patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) compared with healthy control groups. We aimed to investigate the links between oxidative stress (OS), HDL-related antioxidant enzyme activities and dyslipidemia in distinct subtypes of glaucoma. The study included 32 patients with NTG, 31 patients with PEXG, and 40 control subjects. Levels of PON1 and arylesterase enzymatic activity, total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status were measured by spectrophotometry and OS indexes (OSI) were calculated. The phenotype distribution of PON1 was determined using the dual substrate method. Blood serum levels of HDL, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. The TOS and OSI values in the NTG group were significantly higher compared with the other groups (both p < 0.01). The phenotype distribution found in the glaucoma and control groups were NTG: QQ, 59.4%; QR, 37.5%; RR, 3.1%; PEXG: QQ, 45.1%; QR, 48.4%; RR, 6.5%; and in the control group: QQ, 42.5%; QR, 50.0%; RR, 7.5%. Serum TC levels were significantly higher than the control in both NTG and PEXG groups, whereas TG was significantly higher in NTG only (p < 0.01 and p < 0.02, respectively). Hyperlipidemia, OS and variations in phenotype distribution of PON1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of different types of glaucoma.

Association Between Serum Lipid Levels and Patients With Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in China: A Cross Sectional, Case–Control Study

“…Furthermore, Tang et al ( 18 ) showed that TRIG were higher, and was an independent risk factor for POAG. Other studies have also confirmed the association between LDL-C and glaucoma ( 9 , 19 ). Yilmaz et al ( 9 ) also found increased TRIG and CHOL levels in normal intraocular pressure glaucoma.…”

“…Other studies have also confirmed the association between LDL-C and glaucoma ( 9 , 19 ). Yilmaz et al ( 9 ) also found increased TRIG and CHOL levels in normal intraocular pressure glaucoma. Lee et al ( 20 ) found that hyperlipidemia had a certain correlation with the occurrence and development of POAG.…”

“…Hyperlipidemia would increase the risk of glaucoma, and elevated lipid levels were also considered to be a risk factor for increased IOP. The results of Yilmaz et al ( 9 ) also suggested that the pathogenesis of different types of glaucoma may be related to changes in hyperlipidemia.…”

The effect of successful trabeculectomy on the ocular surface and tear proteomics—a prospective cohort study with 1‐year follow‐up

“…Vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein 4A (VPS4A) is also connected to the lipid transport according to the STRING network. Although the precise effects of these proteins on the ocular surface are still unknown, high level of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio has been shown to reduce the likelihood of dry eye disease (Moss et al 2000), while hyperlipidemia, that is increased low‐density lipoprotein and decreased HDL levels in blood, has been associated with an increased risk of glaucoma and increased IOP (Yilmaz et al 2016, reviewed by Wang & Bao 2019). However, levels of lipid transporting proteins have not been previously examined from tear fluid in relation to glaucoma.…”

Use of Statins and Risk of Reducing Glaucoma: Is There a Link

“…Recent research suggests that statins, which are medications used to lower cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia, may have some protection against glaucoma [3] , but it is still inconsistent on whether or not statins are beneficial in patients with glaucoma [2,4,5] .…”