Higher Urinary Bisphenol A Concentration Is Associated with Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage Risk: Evidence from a Case-Control Study in Eastern China

Abstract

BackgroundEvidence about the association between Bisphenol A (BPA) and the risk of recurrent miscarriage (RM) in human being is still limited.ObjectiveWe evaluated the association of urinary BPA concentrations with RM in human being.MethodsA hospital-based 1:2 matched case-control study on RM was carried out in Suzhou and Kunshan in Jiangsu Province in China between August 2008 and November 2011. Total urinary BPA concentrations in 264 eligible urine samples (102 RM patients and 162 controls) were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The Wilcoxon test and conditional logistic regression were used to estimate the differences between the groups and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), respectively.ResultsThe median ± IQR (interquartile range) (P 75-P 25) values of non-creatinine-adjusted total urinary BPA levels in the RM patients and the controls were 1.66±3.69ng/ml and 0.58±1.07ng/ml, respectively (0.98±2.67μg/g Cr (creatinine) and 0.40±0.77μg/g Cr. The adjusted BPA level was significantly higher in the RM patients than in the controls (Wilcoxon test, Z = 4.476, P<0.001). Higher level of urinary BPA was significantly associated with an increased risk of RM (P-trend <0.001). Compared to the groups with urinary BPA levels less than 0.16μg/g Cr, the women with levels of 0.40–0.93μg/g Cr and 0.93μg/g Cr or above had a significantly higher risk of RM (OR = 3.91, 95%CI: 1.23–12.45 and OR = 9.34, 95%CI: 3.06–28.44) that persisted after adjusting for confounding factors. The time from recently RM date to recruitment does not significantly influence the urinary BPA level (P = 0.090).ConclusionExposure to BPA may be associated with RM risk.

Bisphenol A promotes the proliferation of leiomyoma cells by GPR30‐EGFR signaling pathway

“…By adopting CCK‐8 method we prove that BPA at a concentration level of 0.1–1.0 μmol/L can promote myoma cells proliferation in primary culture. As previously reported, BPA plays an important role in promoting the development of UL . BPA can promote ER mRNA, IGF‐1 mRNA, VEGF mRNA and the corresponding protein expressions.…”

“…As previously reported, BPA plays an important role in promoting the development of UL. 3,15,[18][19][20] BPA can promote ER mRNA, IGF-1 mRNA, VEGF mRNA and the corresponding protein expressions. Studies have also shown that BPA has a higher affinity with GPR30 than with ERα and ERβ resulting in stronger estrogenic effects to promote the proliferation of estrogen-stimulated cells.…”

Effect of bisphenol A on reproductive processes: A review of in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies

“…Studies with women who have experienced RM and healthy women from the same city have shown that those suffering miscarriages were characterized by a higher level of serum BPA in comparison to healthy women (Sugiura-Ogasawara et al, 2005). Similar results were obtained by Shen et al (2015) who suggested that a higher concentration of BPA in urine is associated with RM risk. The odds ratio of RM was 9.34 (95% CI: 3.06-28.44) for women with serum BPA levels of 0.93 μg g À1 creatinine compared to women with levels <0.16 μg g À1 creatinine.…”

“…Similar results were obtained by Shen et al . () who suggested that a higher concentration of BPA in urine is associated with RM risk. The odds ratio of RM was 9.34 (95% CI: 3.06–28.44) for women with serum BPA levels of 0.93 μg g −1 creatinine compared to women with levels <0.16 μg g −1 creatinine.…”

Bisphenol A exposure alters placentation and causes preeclampsia‐like features in pregnant mice involved in reprogramming of DNA methylation ofWNT2

“…Indeed, we observed imbalanced placental angiogenesis and alterations in the expression of antiangiogenesis factors in BPA-exposed pregnant mice, as manifested by the elevated circulating and placental Flt1:PlGF ratio and impaired placental vessel remodeling. In addition, BPA exposure is associated with many other pregnancy complications related to abnormal placentation, including spontaneous preterm birth (30), small size for gestational age (31), and loss of pregnancy (32). Further studies are warranted to evaluate the effects of BPA on other placental disorders, including preterm birth, recurrent pregnancy loss, and fetal outcomes, such as intrauterine growth restriction, even though we did not observe these phenomena in our study.…”