Highly crystalline hexagonalPbI₂sheets on polyaniline/antimony tin oxide surface as a novel and highly efficient photodetector inUV, Vis, and nearIRregions

Abstract

The work reports on the preparation of polyaniline/lead iodide optoelectronic photodetector on antimony tin oxide (ATO) glass (PANI/PbI 2 /ATO) for providing a low-cost light sensor in the UV, Vis, and near IR regions (wide optical range photodetector).The deposition of PbI 2 nanoparticles was carried out on the surface of PANI using the ionic adsorption deposition method. Four ATO/PANI/PbI 2 composites (I, II, III, and IV) were produced by varying the Pb 2+ concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 M, respectively). The chemical structure, morphology, optical, and electrical properties were assessed using different analytical tools. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed the formation of a nanoporous PANI network. After PbI 2 incorporation within the PANI network, white nanoparticles formed on the surface. The average size of the PbI 2 nanoparticles was 220, 270, 280, and 320 nm for Pb 2+ concentration of 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 M, respectively. Moreover, x-ray diffraction analysis confirmed PANI/PbI 2 composite formation, as witnessed by the appearance of new peaks at 12.77 , 34.31 , and 38.8 characteristic of PbI 2 .Through the optical analyses, the band gap values of the PANI/PbI 2 composites I, II, III, and IV were 2.63, 2.51, 2.46, and 2.48 eV, respectively. ATO/composite III was applied as an optoelectronic device for detection the light under different intensities or wavelengths, in which the current density (J ph ) increase from 2.5 to 3.42 mA cm À2 upon increasing of the light intensity from 25 to 100 mW.cm À2 , respectively. Moreover, the J ph recorded an optimum value of 3.33 mA cm À2 at 390 nm, which decreased to 2.09 mA cm À2 at 490 nm and increased again to 3.13 mA cm À2 at 636 nm. The optoelectronic photodetector exhibited an optimum incident photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 10.7% at 390 nm. The photoresponsivity (R) and detectivity (D) were determined to be 107 mA cm À2 and 3.38 Â 10 10 Jones,

Boost the photocatalytic hydrogen production of the nanocomposites conducting polypyrrole modified with metal oxide (CuO)

“…A further phase, represented by the water splitting and hydrogen synthesis processes, is started when these electrons are transferred to the surrounding wastewater solution [54,55]. The smooth current-voltage curve in this reaction, which is free of the ohmic behavior, displays the Schottky barrier behavior presented in this reaction.…”

The strain regulated physical properties of PbI2/g-C3N4 for potential optoelectronic device

“…As for the theoretically predicted PbI 2 monolayer in 2D-MXene family, it has direct bandgap of around 2.3 eV and exhibits good optical properties, photocatalytic activity [3], photocatalytic hydrogen evolution [4,5], photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants [6,7].…”

Cr2S3-Cr2O3/Poly-2-aminobenzene-1-thiol as a Highly Photocatalytic Material for Green Hydrogen Generation from Sewage Water

“…The generated hot electron values vary greatly with different photon frequencies (wavelengths). As shown in Figure 5a, as the light frequency increases from 730 to 340 [23,24].…”

“…Figure4bdemonstrates the same behavior of the photoelectrode as in Figure4aunder on/off chopped light, where the large change in J ph values corresponding to the subsequent change in light from on to off indicates the fast and high sensitivity of the photoelectrode to photon behavior. The low Jo values, which are typical for normal semiconductors, indicate that the oxide, sulfide, and polymer materials in the photoelectrode function as effective charge carriers[23,24].The hot electron generation process in the Cr 2 S 3 -Cr 2 O 3 /P2ABT nanocomposite photoelectrode is greatly influenced by the photon frequency, illustrated in Figure5. The energy required for electron transition and crossing the bandgap is a significant factor in this process[25][26][27][28].…”