Highly dynamic gamma-ray emissions are common in tropical thunderclouds

Marisaldi, M.; Østgaard, N.; Mezentsev, A.; Lang, T.; Grove, J. E.; Shy, D.; Heymsfield, G. M.; Krehbiel, P.; Thomas, R. J.; Stanley, M.; Sarria, D.; Schultz, C.; Blakeslee, R.; Quick, M. G.; Christian, H.; Adams, I.; Kroodsma, R.; Lehtinen, N.; Ullaland, K.; Yang, S.; Qureshi, B. Hasan; Søndergaard, J.; Husa, B.; Walker, D.; Bateman, M.; Mach, D.; Cummer, S.; Pazos, M.; Pu, Y.; Bitzer, P.; Fullekrug, M.; Cohen, M.; Montanya, J.; Younes, C.; van der Velde, O.; Roncancio, J. A.; Lopez, J. A.; Urbani, M.; Santos, A.

doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07936-6

Nature

2024

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07936-6

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Highly dynamic gamma-ray emissions are common in tropical thunderclouds

M. Marisaldi,

N. Østgaard,

A. Mezentsev

et al.

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Cited by 5 publications

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Evidence of a New Population of Weak Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Observed From Aircraft Altitude

Bjørge‐Engeland,

Østgaard,

Sarria

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) are ten‐to‐hundreds of microsecond bursts of gamma‐rays produced when electrons in strong electric fields in thunderclouds are accelerated to relativistic energies. Space instruments have observed TGFs with source photon brightness down to ∼1017–1016. Based on space and aircraft observations, TGFs have been considered rare phenomena produced in association with very few lightning discharges. Space observations associated with lightning ground observations in the radio band have indicated that there exists a population of dimmer TGFs. Here we show observations of TGFs from aircraft altitude that were not detected by a space instrument viewing the same area. The TGFs were found through Monte Carlo modeling to be associated with 1015–1012 photons at source, which is several orders of magnitude below what can be seen from space. Our results suggest that there exists a significant population of TGFs that are too weak to be observed from space.

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Evidence of a New Population of Weak Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Observed From Aircraft Altitude

Bjørge‐Engeland,

Østgaard,

Sarria

et al. 2024

Geophysical Research Letters

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Glowing γ-rays solve thunderstorm conundrum

Dwyer

2024

Nature

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Mysterious form of high-energy radiation spotted in thunderstorms

Gibney

2024

Nature

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Highly dynamic gamma-ray emissions are common in tropical thunderclouds

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Evidence of a New Population of Weak Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Observed From Aircraft Altitude

Evidence of a New Population of Weak Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes Observed From Aircraft Altitude

Glowing γ-rays solve thunderstorm conundrum

Mysterious form of high-energy radiation spotted in thunderstorms

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