Highly efficient ACdTS kesterite solar cell based on a new photovoltaic material

Physical properties of the low-cost CZTS absorber layer deposited by spin-coating: effect of the copper concentration associated with SCAPS-1D simulation

“…Quaternary semiconducting materials based on the kesterite (A 2 BCX 4 ) mineral structure are good candidates to address this challenge. 1,2 Most PV solar cells are manufactured using CdTe or CIGSe materials; 3 however, the toxicity of selenium (Se) and the low abundance of indium (In) and gallium (Ga) make the production of CdTe and CIGSe more difficult and hence affect the utility of these low-cost quaternary materials.…”