Highly efficient nano-sized TS-1 with micro-/mesoporosity from desilication and recrystallization for the epoxidation of biodiesel with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>

Wilde, Nicole; Pelz, M.; Gebhardt, Sebastian; Gläser, Roger

doi:10.1039/c5gc00406c

Cited by 74 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…55 These reactions are very complex and a challenging topic and not well suited as standard test reaction systems for the evaluation of hierarchical zeolites although certainly of practical importance. In Table 4, the results of the discussed test reactions are summarized.…”

Section: Catalytic Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic test reactions for the evaluation of hierarchical zeolites

2016

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Catalytic test reactions for the evaluation of hierarchical zeolitesStudies on the synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance of hierarchical zeolites and related porous materials are currently revitalizing the mature field of zeolite research. This review discusses the challenges in evaluating the catalytic performance of a hierarchical zeolite catalyst compared to its parent zeolite. zeolites and the facilitated access and transport in the additional meso-or macropore system. In this tutorial review, we discuss several test reactions that have been explored to show the benefit of the hierarchical pore system with respect to their suitability to prove the positive effects of hierarchical porous zeolites. It is important to note that positive effects on activity, stability and less frequently selectivity observed for hierarchically structured catalysts not necessarily are only a consequence of the additional meso-or macropores but also the number, strength and location of active sites as well as defects and impurities. With regard to these aspects, the test reaction has to be chosen carefully and potential changes in the chemistry of the catalyst have to be considered as well. In addition to the determination of conversion, yield and selectivity, we will show that the calculation of the activation energy and the determination of the Thiele modulus and the effectiveness factor are good indicators of the presence or absence of diffusion limitations in hierarchical zeolites compared to their parent materials. Key learning pointsHierarchical zeolites are an emerging technology in the mature field of industrial catalysts. Several test reactions are suggested to prove the advantage of their hierarchical structure. In addition to an increase in activity and selectivity suppression of coke formation is often observed. Concept of the Thiele modulus and the effectiveness factor is required to judge the presence of diffusion limitations in hierarchical catalysts.

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Section: Catalytic Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic test reactions for the evaluation of hierarchical zeolites

2016

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“…A clear hollow structure can be seen in the TEM image shown in Figure c. A single hollow void is present in the center of the crystal, furthermore, both TEM and SEM images suggest that there are no additional pores connecting the outer surface and the inner voids except the micropores in the crystalline wall. The formation of hollow structures is a consequence of the dissolution–recrystallization phenomenon, through which the dissolution will start from the inner core of the crystal whereas the crystallization will take place on the external surface; as a result, voids can be created inside ZSM‐5 crystals. It has been proved that hollow structures could improve the catalytic activity of ZSM‐5 by shortening the diffusion path .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Shell‐Like ZSM‐5 with Tunable Porosity Synthesized by using a Dissolution–Recrystallization Approach

Lin

Cichocka

Peng

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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Zeolites have been widely used in various fields in industry, such as catalysis, separation, and adsorption, etc. The small pore size of the micropores in the zeolite could lead to severe diffusion resistance in mass transfer. Numerous efforts have been dedicated to imposing hierarchical pore systems into zeolites by using templates or leaching methods. Here, we report the synthesis of single-crystalline hierarchical shell-like ZSM-5 by utilizing a dissolution-recrystallization post-treatment on mesoporous ZSM-5. Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution was used in the post-treatment. The hierarchical porosity in the crystalline shell can be controlled by adding sodium cations into the synthesis system. The hierarchical shell-like ZSM-5 reported here shows higher catalytic activity in acetalization reactions containing bulky molecules.

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“…Of them, some C−C coupling reactions, such as aldol condensation, Diels–Alder (D‐A) reaction, alkylation, and acylation, can be facilitated by acid sites. Moreover, micro‐/mesoporosity in heterogeneous catalysts are generally conducive to accelerating the reactions for bulky molecules due to facilitating molecular diffusion and supplying facile active‐site accessibility . Thus, some representative C−C coupling strategies involving porous acidic catalysts are illustrated in Scheme .…”

Section: Catalytic Processes With An Increase In Carbon Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass‐Derived Sugars with Acidic Nanoporous Materials: Structural Role in Carbon‐Chain Length Variation

Saravanamurugan

et al. 2018

ChemSusChem

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Shifting from petroleum‐based resources to inedible biomass for the production of valuable chemicals and fuels is one of the significant aspects in sustainable chemistry for realizing the sustainable development of our society. Various renowned biobased platform molecules, such as 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, levulinic acid, and lactic acid, are successfully accessible from the transformation of biobased sugars. To achieve the specific reaction routes, heterogeneous nanoporous acidic materials have served as promising catalysts for the conversion of bio‐sugars in the past decade. This Review summarizes advances in various nanoporous acidic materials for bio‐sugar conversion, in which the number of carbon atoms is variable and controllable with the assistance of the switchable structure of nanoporous materials. The major focus of this Review is on possible reaction pathways/mechanisms and the relationships between catalyst structure and catalytic performance. Moreover, representative examples of catalytic upgrading of biobased platform molecules to biochemicals and fuels through selective C−C cleavage and coupling strategies over nanoporous acidic materials are also discussed.

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Highly efficient nano-sized TS-1 with micro-/mesoporosity from desilication and recrystallization for the epoxidation of biodiesel with H₂O₂

Abstract: The epoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in biodiesel with H2O2 was investigated at 323 K in the liquid phase over microporous nano-sized TS-1 as well as micro-/mesoporous nano-sized TS-1.

Cited by 74 publications

References 38 publications

Catalytic test reactions for the evaluation of hierarchical zeolites

Catalytic test reactions for the evaluation of hierarchical zeolites

Hierarchical Shell‐Like ZSM‐5 with Tunable Porosity Synthesized by using a Dissolution–Recrystallization Approach

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass‐Derived Sugars with Acidic Nanoporous Materials: Structural Role in Carbon‐Chain Length Variation

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Highly efficient nano-sized TS-1 with micro-/mesoporosity from desilication and recrystallization for the epoxidation of biodiesel with H2O2

Abstract: The epoxidation of the unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in biodiesel with H2O2 was investigated at 323 K in the liquid phase over microporous nano-sized TS-1 as well as micro-/mesoporous nano-sized TS-1.

Cited by 74 publications

References 38 publications

Catalytic test reactions for the evaluation of hierarchical zeolites

Catalytic test reactions for the evaluation of hierarchical zeolites

Hierarchical Shell‐Like ZSM‐5 with Tunable Porosity Synthesized by using a Dissolution–Recrystallization Approach

Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass‐Derived Sugars with Acidic Nanoporous Materials: Structural Role in Carbon‐Chain Length Variation

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Highly efficient nano-sized TS-1 with micro-/mesoporosity from desilication and recrystallization for the epoxidation of biodiesel with H₂O₂