Highly Extensible Bio‐Nanocomposite Fibers

Gaharwar, Akhilesh K.; Schexnailder, Patrick J.; Dundigalla, Avinash; White, James D.; Matos-Pérez, Cristina R.; Cloud, Joshua L.; Seifert, Söenke; Wilker, Jonathan J.; Schmidt, Gudrun

doi:10.1002/marc.201000556

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Contact guidance plays a significant role in numerous biological processes such as cell migration (Clark et al , 1990). In addition, cytoskeletal components including actin filaments as well as focal adhesion complexes are organized along with the direction of the features (Nikkhah et al , 2012a; Gaharwar et al , 2011). Therefore, similar process is expected to take place when endothelial cells are cultured on the PGS-PCL scaffolds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic poly (glycerol sebacate)-poly (ϵ-caprolactone) electrospun fibers promote endothelial cell guidance

et al. 2014

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Topographical cell guidance is utilized to engineer highly organized and aligned cellular constructs for numerous tissue engineering applications. Recently, electrospun scaffolds fabricated using poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) have shown a great promise to support valvular interstitial cell functions for the development of tissue engineered heart valves. However, one of the major drawbacks of PGS-PCL scaffolds is the lack of control over cellular alignment. In this work we investigate the role of scaffold architecture on the endothelial cell alignment, proliferation and formation of organized cellular structures. In particular, PGS-PCL scaffolds with randomly oriented and highly aligned fibers with tunable mechanical properties were fabricated using electrospinning technique. After one week of culture, endothelial cells on the aligned scaffolds exhibit higher proliferation compared to those cultures on randomly oriented fibrous scaffolds. Furthermore, the endothelial cells reorganize in response to the topographical features of anisotropic scaffolds forming highly organize cellular constructs. Thus, the topographical contact guidance, provided by aligned PGS-PCL scaffolds, is envisioned to be useful in developing aligned cellular structures for vascular tissue engineering.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic poly (glycerol sebacate)-poly (ϵ-caprolactone) electrospun fibers promote endothelial cell guidance

et al. 2014

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“…Earlier studies have shown that cells elongate along the fiber axis and cellular morphology play an important role in cellular behavior. [34, 69] The interaction between hMSCs and electrospun scaffolds was evaluated by monitoring hMSCs adhesion and proliferation on scaffolds. All the scaffolds allowed cellular adhesion and proliferations, as well as the organization of the cell body on the fibers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphiphilic beads as depots for sustained drug release integrated into fibrillar scaffolds

Gaharwar

Mihăilă

Kulkarni

et al. 2014

Journal of Controlled Release

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Native extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex fibrous structure loaded with bioactive cues that affects the surrounding cells. A promising strategy to mimicking native tissue architecture for tissue engineering applications is to engineer fibrous scaffolds using electrospinning. By loading appropriate bioactive cues within these fibrous scaffolds, various cellular functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation can be regulated. Here, we report on the encapsulation and sustained release of model hydrophobic drug (dexamethasone (Dex)) within beaded fibrillar scaffold of poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)-poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT), a polyether-ester multiblock copolymer to direct differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The amphiphilic beads act as depots for sustained drug release that is integrated into the fibrillar scaffolds. The entrapment of Dex within the beaded structure results in sustained release of drug over the period of 28 days. This is mainly attributed to the diffusion driven release of Dex from the amphiphilic electrospun scaffolds. In vitro results indicate that hMSCs cultured on Dex containing beaded fibrillar scaffolds exhibit an increase in osteogenic differentiation potential, as evidenced by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, compared to the direct infusion of Dex in culture medium. The formation of mineralized matrix is also significantly enhanced due to the controlled Dex release from the fibrous scaffolds. This approach can be used to engineer scaffolds with appropriate chemical cues to direct tissue regeneration.

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“…21,22 This is due to anisotropic and plate-like, high aspect-ratio morphology of nanoclay, which results in high surface interactions between the polymers and nanoparticles. Nanoclays are widely used to reinforce thermoplastic polymers in order to obtain hybrid composites with hierarchical structure, 23,24 elastomeric properties, 25 ultrastrong and stiff films, 26,27 super gas-barrier membrane, 28 superoleophobicity surfaces, 29 flame-retardant structures, 30 and self-healing hydrogels. 31 A recent study has shown that nanoclay (synthetic silicates nanoplatelets) can induce osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs without using any growth factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanoclay-Enriched Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) Electrospun Scaffolds for Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Gaharwar

Mukundan²,

Karaca³

et al. 2014

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Musculoskeletal tissue engineering aims at repairing and regenerating damaged tissues using biological tissue substitutes. One approach to achieve this aim is to develop osteoconductive scaffolds that facilitate the formation of functional bone tissue. We have fabricated nanoclay-enriched electrospun poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds for osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). A range of electrospun scaffolds is fabricated by varying the nanoclay concentrations within the PCL scaffolds. The addition of nanoclay decreases fiber diameter and increases surface roughness of electrospun fibers. The enrichment of PCL scaffold with nanoclay promotes in vitro biomineralization when subjected to simulated body fluid (SBF), indicating bioactive characteristics of the hybrid scaffolds. The degradation rate of PCL increases due to the addition of nanoclay. In addition, a significant increase in crystallization temperature of PCL is also observed due to enhanced surface interactions between PCL and nanoclay. The effect of nanoclay on the mechanical properties of electrospun fibers is also evaluated. The feasibility of using nanoclay-enriched PCL scaffolds for tissue engineering applications is investigated in vitro using hMSCs. The nanoclay-enriched electrospun PCL scaffolds support hMSCs adhesion and proliferation. The addition of nanoclay significantly enhances osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs on the electrospun scaffolds as evident by an increase in alkaline phosphates activity of hMSCs and higher deposition of mineralized extracellular matrix compared to PCL scaffolds. Given its unique bioactive characteristics, nanoclayenriched PCL fibrous scaffold may be used for musculoskeletal tissue engineering.

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Highly Extensible Bio‐Nanocomposite Fibers

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Anisotropic poly (glycerol sebacate)-poly (ϵ-caprolactone) electrospun fibers promote endothelial cell guidance

Anisotropic poly (glycerol sebacate)-poly (ϵ-caprolactone) electrospun fibers promote endothelial cell guidance

Amphiphilic beads as depots for sustained drug release integrated into fibrillar scaffolds

Nanoclay-Enriched Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) Electrospun Scaffolds for Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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