Highly Fluorescent Gold Cluster Assembly

Chang, Hogeun; Karan, Niladri S.; Shin, Kwang‐Soo; Bootharaju, Megalamane S.; Nah, Sanghee; Chae, Sue In; Baek, Woonhyuk; Lee, Sang-Hwa; Kim, Junhee; Son, Young Ju; Kang, Thomas H.‐K.; Ko, Giho; Kwon, Seung‐Hae; Hyeon, Taeghwan

doi:10.1021/jacs.0c10907

Cited by 97 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The Hyeon group recently reported that the Au cluster assembly emits greenish‐blue light with ~90% QY 162 . The synergistic effect of unique aurophilic interactions among Au 4 clusters and the rigidified chemical environment induced by Zn 2+ chelation through carboxylate groups is responsible for the strong greenish‐blue fluorescence (λ em = 485 nm).…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To inorganic nanoparticles via nanoclusters: Nonclassical nucleation and growth pathway

Chang

Bootharaju

Lee

et al. 2021

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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Nanoclusters, intermediates in size between atoms and nanoparticles, have been a topic of great interest because of their unique molecular structures and optical properties as compared to those of nanoparticles and bulk counterparts. Recent mechanistic studies have shown that the nanoclusters appear in the initial stages of the nanoparticle growth. The formation of nanoclusters is supported by the nonclassical nucleation theory, revealing that the nanoclusters with extremely large surface areas can be stabilized by the ligands. In this review, we first provide the theoretical background of the classical and nonclassical nucleation mechanisms in the nanoparticle formation, which helps understand the stability of nanoclusters. We then focus on the synthesis and characterization of nanoclusters of noble metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, and their alloys. Furthermore, the potential applications in bioimaging, sensing, optoelectronics, and catalysis, enabled by unique optical and chemical properties of nanoclusters, are discussed.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

To inorganic nanoparticles via nanoclusters: Nonclassical nucleation and growth pathway

Chang

Bootharaju

Lee

et al. 2021

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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“…Therefore, AuNC@MUA may potentially be used in detecting methanol in fake alcohol. The methanol detection mechanism is as follows: the PL intensity of the AuNCs was closely related to the polarity of the surface ligands and solvent environment [ 27 , 28 , 45 ]. The ligand of the AuNC, the MUA was covalently bound to the gold core via sulfhydryl group and exposed carboxyl groups on the surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies also showed that the charge state and the ligands played important roles in the luminescence of AuNCs [ 19 , 24 , 25 ]. In 2012, Zheng divided AuNCs into few-atom nanoclusters and few-nanometer nanoclusters [ 26 ]; the luminescence mechanism of the former was revealed partially [ 27 , 28 ]. Nevertheless, the sources of emission for the latter were still difficult to attribute clearly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emission Mechanism of Gold Nanoclusters Capped with 11-Mercaptoundecanoic Acid, and the Detection of Methanol in Adulterated Wine Model

et al. 2021

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The absorption and emission mechanisms of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have yet to be understood. In this article, 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) capped AuNCs (AuNC@MUA) were synthesized using the chemical etching method. Compared with MUA, AuNC@MUA had three obvious absorption peaks at 280 nm, 360 nm, and 390 nm; its photoluminescence excitation (PLE) peak and photoluminescence (PL) peak were located at 285 nm and 600 nm, respectively. The AuNC@MUA was hardly emissive when 360 nm and 390 nm were chosen as excitation wavelengths. The extremely large stokes-shift (>300 nm), and the mismatch between the excitation peaks and absorption peaks of AuNC@MUA, make it a particularly suitable model for studying the emission mechanism. When the ligands were partially removed by a small amount of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution, the absorption peak showed a remarkable rise at 288 nm and declines at 360 nm and 390 nm. These experimental results illustrated that the absorption peak at 288 nm was mainly from metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT), while the absorption peaks at 360 nm and 390 nm were mainly from ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The PLE peak coincided with the former absorption peak, which implied that the emission of the AuNC@MUA was originally from MMCT. It was also interesting that the emission mechanism could be switched to LMCT from MMCT by decreasing the size of the nanoclusters using 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHA), which possesses a stronger etching ability. Moreover, due to the different PL intensities of AuNC@MUA in methanol, ethanol, and water, it has been successfully applied in detecting methanol in adulterated wine models (methanol-ethanol-water mixtures).

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“…For example, a wide variety of unique AIE systems based on organic chromophores and inorganic metal clusters have been explored intensively, broadening their advanced applications in chemical sensing, bioimaging, and optoelectronics. [6][7][8] More recently, guided by Zn 2+ -controlled AIE mechanism, Hyeon et al [9] reported highly luminescent gold cluster assembly (quantum yield of ≈90% in water) from completely nonluminescent Au 4 clusters. Liu and co-workers applied AIE strategy into the design of organic probe emitting in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) and used them for brain-tumor precise imaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%