Highly fluorinated chemicals in functional textiles can be replaced by re-evaluating liquid repellency and end-user requirements

Schellenberger, Steffen; Hill, Philippa J.; Levenstam, Oscar A.; Gillgard, Philip; Cousins, Ian T.; Taylor, M. Susan; Blackburn, Richard S.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.160

Cited by 66 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, in the case of both non-polar and polar liquids with very low surface tension (such as olive oil or gastric uid), so far only short-chain uorinated polymers have been shown to provide effective protection. 40 Such protection may be important in certain occupational settings where a specied level of performance is required.…”

Section: Case Studies Of Uses Of Pfassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concept of essential use for determining when uses of PFASs can be phased out

Cousins

Goldenman

Herzke

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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173

139

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Section: Case Studies Of Uses Of Pfassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concept of essential use for determining when uses of PFASs can be phased out

Cousins

Goldenman

Herzke

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

Self Cite

173

139

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show abstract

“…The DWRs using C 8 or longer fluorocarbon polymers have been banned by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) due to their release of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate PFOS toxins as a byproduct in the environment [10][11][12][13]. Consequently, there has been a tremendous amount of research in this area to find an eco-friendly alternative.…”

Section: Toxicology Of Fluorochemical Finishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, there has been a tremendous amount of research in this area to find an eco-friendly alternative. However, finding an optimum balance of function with lesser/no environmental impact is still a challenge in the field of DWRs [10,12]. C 6 has the closest liquid repellency performance to C 8 without PFOA emissions in the environment.…”

Section: Toxicology Of Fluorochemical Finishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation on Optimizing Liquid Repellency of Fluorochemical Urethane Finish and Its Effect on the Physical Properties of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabric

Mehta

2020

Fibers

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This paper aims to optimize the liquid repellency performance of fluorochemical urethane (FU)—a patented technology with a shorter fluorocarbon chain (C4). FU is free from persistent bioaccumulative toxins such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), unlike the long-chain fluorinated chemicals (>C6). Different sets of varied finish concentrations with an extender and a wetting agent were prepared to treat the 65/35% polyester/cotton blended fabric. The finish concentration was optimized based on the liquid repellency (water and oil-repellency) of the treated fabric and its laundering durability. In addition, the effect of the finish concentration on selected physical properties of the treated fabric was studied as well. The liquid repellency, laundering durability, and selected physical properties of the treated and untreated fabrics were analyzed using ASTM and AATCC standard test methods. The results of textile substrates treated with 60 g/L of FU show an optimum balance of desired liquid repellency without affecting the physical properties of the fabric significantly.

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“…However, in the case of both non-polar and polar liquids with very low surface tension (such as olive oil or gastric fluid), so far only short-chain fluorinated polymers have been shown to provide effective protection 40 . Such protection may be important in certain occupational settings where a specified level of performance is required.…”

Section: Durable Water and Stain Repellency In Textilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of Essential Use for Determining When Uses of PFASs Can Be Phased Out

Cousins

Goldenman²,

Herzke³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Because of the extreme persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their associated risks, the Madrid Statement argues for stopping their use where they are deemed not essential or when safer alternatives exist. To determine when uses of PFASs have an essential function in modern society, and when they do not, is not an easy task. Here, we: 1) develop the concept of “essential use” based on an existing approach described in the Montreal Protocol, 2) apply the concept to various uses of PFASs to determine the feasibility of elimination or substitution of PFASs in each use category, and 3) outline the challenges for phasing out uses of PFASs in society. In brief, we developed three distinct categories to describe the different levels of essentiality of individual uses. A phase-out of many uses of PFASs can be implemented because they are not necessary for the betterment of society in terms of health and safety, or because functional alternatives are currently available that can be substituted into these products or applications. Some specific uses of PFASs would be considered essential because they provide for vital functions and are currently without established alternatives. However, this essentiality should not be considered as permanent; rather, constant efforts are needed to search for alternatives. We provide a detailed description of several ongoing uses of PFASs and discuss whether these uses are essential or nonessential according to the three essentiality categories. We suggest applying this concept of essential uses to all uses of PFASs, and considering its use also for other chemicals of concern.

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Highly fluorinated chemicals in functional textiles can be replaced by re-evaluating liquid repellency and end-user requirements

Cited by 66 publications

References 35 publications

The concept of essential use for determining when uses of PFASs can be phased out

The concept of essential use for determining when uses of PFASs can be phased out

An Experimental Investigation on Optimizing Liquid Repellency of Fluorochemical Urethane Finish and Its Effect on the Physical Properties of Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabric

The Concept of Essential Use for Determining When Uses of PFASs Can Be Phased Out

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