Highly multiplexed Bragg gratings for large field of view gas sensing in planetary atmospheres

Haffert, Sebastiaan Y.; Por, Emiel H.; Keller, Christoph U.

doi:10.1364/oe.27.033925

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The VBG diffracts only a narrow wavelength range around the Bragg wavelength. Multiple gratings can be created in a VBG at the same time if the refractive index profile is a superposition of the individual grating profiles [397]. Such a grating is called a multiplexed VBG (MVBG).…”

Section: Multiplexed Volume Bragg Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AO techniques are deployed to create stable and high precision direct-write setups and have shown promise in improving the write quality [401]. Acousto-optical gratings [397,402], in which sound waves act to modulate the refractive index, are also being explored to provide an alternative. Multiplexed gratings can be realized by sending complex waveforms through the material.…”

Section: Advances In Science and Technology To Meet Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Jovanovic,

Gatkine,

Anugu

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Photonics

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Photonic technologies offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile that combines the light-gathering power of four 8-m telescopes through a complex photonic interferometer. Fully integrated astrophotonic devices offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme miniaturization when operating at the diffraction-limit, plus integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing to the small footprint, and high replicability offering significant cost savings. Numerous astrophotonic technologies have been developed to address shortcomings of conventional instruments to date, including the development of photonic lanterns to convert from multimode inputs to single mode outputs, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings to filter OH emission from the atmosphere, beam combiners enabling long baseline interferometry with for example, ESO Gravity, and laser frequency combs for high precision spectral calibration of spectrometers. Despite these successes, the facility implementation of photonic solutions in astronomical instrumentation is currently limited because of 1) low throughputs from coupling to fibers, coupling fibers to chips, propagation and bend losses, device losses, etc., 2) difficulties with scaling to large channel count devices needed for large bandwidths and high resolutions, and 3) efficient integration of photonics with detectors. In this roadmap, we identify 23 key areas that need further development. We outline the challenges and advances needed across those areas covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, the need for entirely new components, integration and hybridization and the characterization of devices. To realize these advances the astrophotonics community will have to work cooperatively with industrial partners who have more advanced manufacturing capabilities. With the advances described herein, multi-functional integrated instruments will be realized leading to novel observing capabilities for both ground and space based platforms, enabling new scientific studies and discoveries.

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Section: Multiplexed Volume Bragg Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advances In Science and Technology To Meet Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Jovanovic,

Gatkine,

Anugu

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Photonics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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End-to-end simulations of exoplanet detection with multiplexed volume Bragg gratings

Fagginger Auer,

Keller

2024

A&A

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Direct imaging of exoplanets greatly enhances our ability to spectroscopically detect molecules in their atmospheres, but requires both excellent angular and spectral resolution. A highly promising approach uses multiplexed transmission gratings to achieve compressed sensing, but the published theoretical calculations are not realistic enough to determine whether the approach is feasible. We aim to determine the performance of recovering exoplanet signals of an instrument with multiplexed volume Bragg gratings in a full, detailed numerical simulation, specifically examining any effects caused by multiplexing several gratings. Our end-to-end simulation includes realistic stellar and planetary spectra, a closed-loop adaptive optics simulation, and rigorous coupled wave analysis to model the multiplexed gratings. We chose 20 passbands around expected methane absorption features that were optically combined using 20 gratings. We find that exoplanet signals can be recovered down to contrasts of $10^ $, without the addition of a coronagraph. Multiplexing a larger number of gratings improves the deepest recovered contrast, if photon noise is the dominant noise source. When residuals from our simple post-processing approach are the largest noise source, a larger number of multiplexed gratings decreases the performance, due to the stacking of the PSFs at different wavelengths. This is an artifact of our data reduction approach. We conclude that multiplexed Bragg gratings are a viable method to look for exoplanets with a compressed sensing approach and additional gains may be made in post-processing.

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Stacking spectral lines with multiplexed Bragg gratings in an acousto-optical tunable filter

Fagginger Auer,

Keller

2024

Opt. Express

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Volume Bragg gratings are a useful tool for spectral manipulation in a variety of settings. In a previous paper [ Astron. & Astrophys. to be published, (2024)] we simulated an astronomical instrument that detects molecules on exoplanets by optically creating matched filters using multiplexed Bragg gratings, which optically stack spectral lines. Here, we confirm that we can freely modify and multiplex Bragg gratings, with an acousto-optical tunable filter (AOTF) and that we can stack spectral features in a lab setup using a commercially available AOTF. We find that we are able to multiplex an additional grating or modify an existing grating without altering other multiplexed gratings, so long as the bandpasses do not overlap. We can also successfully stack emission and absorption lines, producing comparable results when optically overlaying spectral lines and computationally summing images of separate lines.

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Highly multiplexed Bragg gratings for large field of view gas sensing in planetary atmospheres

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

End-to-end simulations of exoplanet detection with multiplexed volume Bragg gratings

Stacking spectral lines with multiplexed Bragg gratings in an acousto-optical tunable filter

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