Highly sensitive coated long period grating sensor for CO2 detection at atmospheric pressure

Melo, Luis; Burton, Geoff; Davies, Benjamin; Risk, David; Wild, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2014.05.062

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The light beam is emitted by a diode and received by a photo-detector, analyzed by a micro-controller unit (MCU) and displayed on a screen or shared with other devices [28]. CO 2 sensors based on IR light have been developed over the past 4 years, researchers focused on meliorate characteristics of these sensors, whether it was the response time, sensitivity, accuracy and selectivity of the devices [2,78,[139][140][141]. Figure 7 shows a representation of an optical gas sensor, coupled with a duct.…”

Section: Opticmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT-Enabled Gas Sensors: Technologies, Applications, and Opportunities

Gomes

Rodrigues

Rabêlo

et al. 2019

JSAN

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Ambient gas detection and measurement had become essential in diverse fields and applications, from preventing accidents, avoiding equipment malfunction, to air pollution warnings and granting the correct gas mixture to patients in hospitals. Gas leakage can reach large proportions, affecting entire neighborhoods or even cities, causing enormous environmental impacts. This paper elaborates on a deep review of the state of the art on gas-sensing technologies, analyzing the opportunities and main characteristics of the transducers, as well as towards their integration through the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. This should ease the information collecting and sharing processes, granting better experiences to users, and avoiding major losses and expenses. The most promising wireless-based solutions for ambient gas monitoring are analyzed and discussed, open research topics are identified, and lessons learned are shared to conclude the study.Technologies to sense gases and wireless communications support are elaborated in Sections 5 and 6, respectively. The most promising solutions in terms of sensing methods and IoT-enabled solutions are discussed in Section 7 and open research topics are identified. Lessons learned are shared at Section 8 and, finally, Section 9 concludes the study. Background on Environmental GasesSome gases are the key to ensure the functionality of systems and entire industries, as well as the presence of other gases being a problem in other fields, causing the loss of entire production lines, as in the food industry, or even cause the loss of lives and explosions. In this section, the most important gases in terms of pollution monitoring and control, health issues, and accident prevention are listed with their main characteristics.Oxygen (O 2 ) is the most important gas for life, and is crucial in numerous fields. Patients under anesthesia, or recovering from surgery and from certain diseases need controlled O 2 doses to keep them alive and fully recovered. The decrease of oxygen levels in enclosed spaces can be related with other gases leakage, which would lead people inside these spaces to asphyxiate, leading to an unconscious state, or even to death [29]. Numerous industrial processes rely on the correct concentration of this gas to achieve the best results, mainly chemical and combustion, which without the correct percentages will not grant the best performance of systems. Engine control systems depend on the correct mixture to achieve the expected performances, whether it is lower fuel consumption or power and speed [29][30][31][32].Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a colorless, odorless gas, generated by the oxidation and combustion of hydrocarbon, as well as by living beings in the respiration process. It is a key gas for the greenhouse effect, and the increase of its levels, in the presence of other gases, is related with atmospheric pollution. It is also the key gas on the oxygen production by the photosynthesis process. The accumulation of this gas in enclosed spaces can be responsible to s...

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Section: Opticmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT-Enabled Gas Sensors: Technologies, Applications, and Opportunities

Gomes

Rodrigues

Rabêlo

et al. 2019

JSAN

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The LPG sensor with an electroplated Fe–C coating has been studied to monitor corrosion-induced mass loss [59,60]. LPG sensors can also monitor environmental parameters related to corrosion such as pH [61,62,63,64], humidity [65,66,67,68], CO 2 [69,70,71], H 2 S [72,73], Cl − and salinity [74,75,76,77]. More details on LPG based sensors can be found in References [56,78].…”

Section: Emerging Corrosion Sensing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Oil and Natural Gas Infrastructure: A Review

Wright

Lü

Devkota

et al. 2019

Sensors

108

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Corrosion has been a great concern in the oil and natural gas industry costing billions of dollars annually in the U.S. The ability to monitor corrosion online before structural integrity is compromised can have a significant impact on preventing catastrophic events resulting from corrosion. This article critically reviews conventional corrosion sensors and emerging sensor technologies in terms of sensing principles, sensor designs, advantages, and limitations. Conventional corrosion sensors encompass corrosion coupons, electrical resistance probes, electrochemical sensors, ultrasonic testing sensors, magnetic flux leakage sensors, electromagnetic sensors, and in-line inspection tools. Emerging sensor technologies highlight optical fiber sensors (point, quasi-distributed, distributed) and passive wireless sensors such as passive radio-frequency identification sensors and surface acoustic wave sensors. Emerging sensors show great potential in continuous real-time in-situ monitoring of oil and natural gas infrastructure. Distributed chemical sensing is emphasized based on recent studies as a promising method to detect early corrosion onset and monitor corrosive environments for corrosion mitigation management. Additionally, challenges are discussed including durability and stability in extreme and harsh conditions such as high temperature high pressure in subsurface wellbores.

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“…Fiber-optic dissolved gas sensors, like the one described by Bao et al [1] and Melo et al [3] respond to a change in the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The dissolved gas sensors have long period gratings etched onto an approximately 2.5 cm section of the fiber.…”

Section: Fiber-optic Dissolved Gas Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofouling of an All-Optical Sensor for Seafloor Monitoring of Marine Carbon Capture and Storage Sites

et al. 2014

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Fiber-optic sensors for dissolved CO 2 are an emergent technology for monitoring marine geologic CO 2 sequestration sites. Fiberoptic sensing technology has been used successfully in the oil and gas sector and is advantageous because it is capable of costeffective, instantaneous, distributed sensing. This is an improvement over current practice, which normally requires samples to be pumped to the surface for analysis. Biofouling of fiber-based sensors is a concern for the marine environment, as the biofouling can cause signal drift and also adversely impact the sensor's ability to detect dissolved CO 2 . Single mode optical fibers with long period gratings etched onto the core of the fiber were used for this study. Pseudoalteromonas sp. NCIMB 2021 was cultured and grown on sensing elements using nutrient-dense synthetic seawater. Biofouling was shown to cause shifts in the baseline signal. Post-fouling sensitivity of the sensor was also reduced relative to pre-fouling levels. Mechanical cleaning of the sensors restored sensor sensitivity to that seen prior to bacterial colonization.

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Highly sensitive coated long period grating sensor for CO2 detection at atmospheric pressure

Cited by 41 publications

References 29 publications

IoT-Enabled Gas Sensors: Technologies, Applications, and Opportunities

IoT-Enabled Gas Sensors: Technologies, Applications, and Opportunities

Corrosion Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Oil and Natural Gas Infrastructure: A Review

Biofouling of an All-Optical Sensor for Seafloor Monitoring of Marine Carbon Capture and Storage Sites

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