Hipogamaglobulinemia como fator de risco para infecção por Cryptococcus neoformans: a propósito de dois casos

Neto, Roberto da Justa Pires; Guimarães, M; Moya, Maria Janete; Oliveira, Fabíola Reis; Júnior, Paulo Louzada; Martínez, Roberto

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822000000600014

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…After reviewing the literature, the use of immunosuppressive drugs, such as mycophenolate mofetil, was reported to suppress AIDS humoral immunity and lead to either the absence of or a low titre of HIV antibodies, which cannot be detected [15]. In patients with diseases that result in low humoral immunity levels, such as those complicated with hypogammaglobulinemia, the HIV antibody is undetectable [16]. HIV-specific helper T-cells are T-cells labelled by CD4 + .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of an HIV-seronegative AIDS patient with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

et al. 2019

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Background As technology progresses, several highly sensitive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening kits are being researched and developed to quickly and efficiently identify serum HIV antibodies within the non-window period. In individuals who are HIV-seronegative, HIV infections that are not within a window period are rare. In such cases, all antibody detection methods will fail, and misdiagnosing these patients will have catastrophic consequences. Case presentation A 22-year-old male Chinese patient with diffuse exudative lesions in both lungs and initial symptoms of cough and dyspnoea was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) by aetiological examination, and the patient’s plasma CD4 + T-cell count was extremely low. In China, PJP is prevalent in HIV-infected individuals. Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) has a high colonisation rate in patients with HIV infections. This patient was naturally suspected of being an HIV patient; however, serum HIV antibody tests were negative using both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a latex agglutination assay, and HIV was not detected by western blotting. Subsequently, the plasma HIV viral load was found to be extremely high on two repeated plasma HIV RNA tests, thus confirming HIV-seronegative acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in this patient. With administration of effective anti- P. jirovecii treatment and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) after diagnosis, the patient’s disease condition was rapidly controlled. Conclusion This is the second reported case in China of an HIV-seronegative AIDS patient. Such cases are also rare worldwide. Although HIV-seronegative HIV infections are rare, AIDS should be considered in immunodeficient patients with opportunistic infections, even if the test results are HIV-seronegative. Plasma HIV RNA testing is important for such patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4143-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rare case of an HIV-seronegative AIDS patient with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

et al. 2019

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“…However, in addition to T cell deficiencies, B cell deficits and hypogammaglobulinemia [ 70 , 71 , 72 ] have also been linked to cryptococcal illness [ 73 ] in patients. In addition, IgG2 deficiency has been found in healthy subjects with C. gattii meningitis [ 74 ], and in adults and children with HIV/AIDS with specific levels of IgG2, the polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) was lower than those without the disease [ 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: Antibodies Against Fungal Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to Combat Fungal Infections: Development Strategies and Progress

Rabaan

Alfaraj²,

Alshengeti

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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The finding that some mAbs are antifungal suggests that antibody immunity may play a key role in the defense of the host against mycotic infections. The discovery of antibodies that guard against fungi is a significant advancement because it gives rise to the possibility of developing vaccinations that trigger protective antibody immunity. These vaccines might work by inducing antibody opsonins that improve the function of non-specific (such as neutrophils, macrophages, and NK cells) and specific (such as lymphocyte) cell-mediated immunity and stop or aid in eradicating fungus infections. The ability of antibodies to defend against fungi has been demonstrated by using monoclonal antibody technology to reconsider the function of antibody immunity. The next step is to develop vaccines that induce protective antibody immunity and to comprehend the mechanisms through which antibodies mediate protective effects against fungus.

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Improving Animal Immunity to Prevent Fungal Infections with Folk Remedies and Advanced Medicine

Amara

2021

Fungal Diseases in Animals

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Hipogamaglobulinemia como fator de risco para infecção por Cryptococcus neoformans: a propósito de dois casos

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

A rare case of an HIV-seronegative AIDS patient with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

A rare case of an HIV-seronegative AIDS patient with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Antibodies to Combat Fungal Infections: Development Strategies and Progress

Improving Animal Immunity to Prevent Fungal Infections with Folk Remedies and Advanced Medicine

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